3^rd World Congress on Petrochemistry and Chemical Engineering November 29-30,2015 Atlanta, USA

Biography:

F. Sultanov is a PhD doctoral student of al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Researcher of the Institute of Combustion Problems.

Abstract:

The aim of this research is to a study the kinetics of recovery of organic part from oil sands of Republic of Kazakhstan under the influence of ultrasound during the process of aqueous extraction. The study of influence of temperature, concentration of various alkaline additives, and average size of mineral particles and strength of ultrasound on the bitumen recovery rate are investigated. The extraction of organic part from oil sands of Beke and Munaily Mola deposits using ultrasound irradiation was carried out. The content of organic part in these oil sands is 12 wt. % and 11 wt. %, respectively. It was established that the main factors of influence of alkaline additives are: neutralization of organic acids followed by formation of natural surfactants in the form of soluble salts, increasing of pH of the medium and the change of electric charges on surface. It was found that the kinetics of the process greatly depends on the temperature of solution. Increasing the temperature of solution leads to increasing of the rate of extraction of organic part exponentially. It is preferable to use the working solution with a high concentration of alkaline reagents, since after the separation of organic part from mineral of oil sands, the solution can be returned to the process for reuse. The reuse of solution improves economical and ecological performances of the whole process. According to the results of laboratory tests, a pilot installation for ultrasonic aqueous extraction of organic part of oil sands was designed. This installation is closed counter flow system that allows to reuse water and chemicals. Pilot tests of aqueous extraction of organic part on this installation confirmed the main conclusions of laboratory research.

Biography:

Abstract:

Energy integration is a key solution in chemical process and crude refining industries to minimise external fuel consumption and to face the impact of growing energy crises. Typical energy integration projects can reach a reduction of heating fuels and cold utilities by up to 40% compared with original designs or existing installations. Raw materials are as important as energy to chemical and process industries to provide chemicals essential to modern society and economics. Mass integration, taking place in mass exchange networks or MENs, comes as a significant concept to efficient use of raw materials. Such integration leads to minimum waste disposal flows and minimum use of external mass separating agents’ quantities. Pinch Analysis is a leading tool and regarded as an efficient method to increase energy and material efficiency. Graphical representations of Pinch Analysis and mass Pinch Design Method are very useful for grassroots designs. Nevertheless, in retrofit situation the analysis is not adequate. This research proposes a new graphical method for the analysis of heat and material recovery systems, applicable to both retrofit and grassroots designs. For energy analysis, the new graphical method is based on plotting temperatures of process hot streams versus temperatures of process cold streams. For a given heat exchanger network, each existing exchanger is represented by a straight line, whose slope is proportional to the ratio of heat capacities and flows. Further, the length of each exchanger line is related to the heat flow transferred across this exchanger. Similarly, mass integration problems are described as composition of target materials in rich streams versus the equivalent corresponding compositions in lean streams. This new graphical representation can easily identify exchangers across the pinch, Network Pinch, pinching matches and improper placement of fuel consumption for energy recovery problems. Furthermore, new graph representations for mass networks are used to analyse the performance of existing MENs with respect to targets and to design new networks. Promising modifications to existing MENs can be identified to avoid violations to Pinch Analysis and thus improve actual performances for minimum wastes and external separating agents. The application of the new graphical method to a case study showed savings of approximately 17% in energy demands and fuel consumption. The new graphical techniq

Biography:

Alexander B. Ustimenko was born on August 24, 1962, in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan. He graduated from Kazakh State University, Physical department in 1984. He has Candidate Degree on physical and mathematical sciences (equivalent to PhD), topic of the Thesis is "High-temperature heating and gasification of coal particles", Moscow, 1991, Doctor Degree on technical sciences, topic of the Thesis is "Plasma-fuel systems for fuel utilization efficiency increase" Moscow, 2012. From 1984 to 2001 he was a researcher of the Kazakh Scientific-Research Institute of Energetics. From 2001 to 2007 he was a leading staff scientist of Combustion Problems Institute at al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Since 1991 he is with Research Department of Plasmotechnics (Kazakhstan) as CEO and since 2002 he is a leading staff scientist and head of thermal physics department of Research Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Physics of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University.

Abstract:

One of the most serious environmental problems today is pollution by biomedical waste (BMW), which in most cases has undesirable properties such as toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, fire. Sanitary and hygienic survey of typical solid BMW, made in Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia and other countries shows that their risk to the environment is significantly higher than that of most chemical wastes. Utilisation of toxic BMW requires use of the most universal methods to ensure disinfection and disposal of any of their components. Such technology is a plasma technology of BMW processing. To implement this technology a thermodynamic analysis of the plasma processing of BMW was fulfilled and plasma-box furnace was developed. The studies have been conducted on the example of the processing of bone. To perform thermodynamic calculations software package Terra was used. Calculations were carried out in the temperature range 300 - 3000 K and a pressure of 0.1 MPa. It is shown that the final products do not contain toxic substances. From the organic mass of BMW synthesis gas containing combustible components 77.4-84.6% was basically produced, and mineral part consists mainly of calcium oxide and contains no carbon. Degree of gasification of carbon reaches 100% by the temperature 1250 K. Specific power consumption for BMW processing increases with the temperature throughout its range and reaches 1 kWh/kg. To realise plasma processing of BMW experimental installation with DC plasma torch of 30 kW power was developed. The experiments allowed verifying the thermodynamic calculations. Wastes are packed in boxes weighing 5-7 kg. They are placed in the box furnace. Under the influence of air plasma flame average temperature in the box reaches 1800 OC, the organic part of the waste is gasified and inorganic part of the waste is melted. The resulting synthesis gas is continuously withdrawn from the unit through the cooling and cleaning system. Molten mineral part of the waste is removed from the furnace after it has been stopped. Experimental studies allowed determining operating modes of the plasma box furnace, the exhaust gases was analyzed, samples of condensed products were assembled and their chemical composition was determined. Gas at the outlet of the plasma box furnace has the following composition (vol.%): CO - 63.4, H2 - 6.2, N2 - 29.6, S - 0.8. The total concentration of synthesis gas (CO + H2) is 69.6%, which agrees well with the thermodynamic calculation. Experiments confirmed absence of the toxic substances in the final products.

Biography:

Masanobu Kubota is from International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research, Japan

Abstract:

Hydrogen is necessary to establish a sustainable and environmentally-friendly society. However, hydrogen could degrade materials strength. Therefore, one of the key issues to deploy high-pressure hydrogen containment systems is how to optimize the cost, performance and safety of those systems. For this issue, many hydrogen-affected fracture a studies on re under way in order to identify fundamental mechanisms, develop predictive performance models, develop next generation materials, reduce regulations, develop design methods, identify appropriate material testing standards in high-pressure hydrogen environment, and so on. Fretting fatigue is a kind of fatigue at the contact part between mechanical components. As can be expected from the fact that fretting is sometimes termed as fretting corrosion, it involves some chemical reactions, which might have a great impact on fatigue properties. Since hydrogen could influence both fatigue and the phenomena occurring at the contact surface such as friction, wear, oxidation, etc., the effects of hydrogen on fretting fatigue are very complicated. In fact, fretting fatigue strength of austenitic stainless steels is significantly lower in hydrogen than in air. As a result, the industries related to hydrogen-containment systems are deeply concerned about fretting fatigue in hydrogen. Figure 1 shows an example of fretting found in a high-pressure hydrogen containment system, which occurred at the contact part between 100MPa hydrogen packing and its holder. When considering service conditions of hydrogen-containment systems, some amount of impurities in hydrogen should be accepted. For example, the purity of hydrogen for PEM fuel cell is designated by ISO standard as 99.99%. On the other hand, positive use of impurities is expected based on the report in which the addition of small amounts of oxygen to hydrogen inhibited hydrogen-affected fracture. The objective of this study is to clarify the effect of oxygen and water vapor added to hydrogen on fretting fatigue strength of an austenitic stainless steel. For the fretting fatigue test, a controlled method for the addition of ppm-level oxygen to hydrogen environment was established. Fretting fatigue tests in hydrogen containing 0.088, 5, 35 and 100 volume-ppm oxygen were carried out using the test apparatus shown in Fig. 2. The fretting fatigue strength in the oxygen-hydrogen mixture was different depending on the oxygen level as shown in Fig. 3. In the fretting fatigue test in hydrogen with humidification, it was found that the humidification of hydrogen significantly reduced the fretting fatigue strength. Based on the XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analysis of the fretted surface (Fig. 4), it was found that the fretting removed the original protection layer of the stainless steel, however, the addition of water vapor or ppm-level of oxygen produced an oxide layer on the fretted surface during the fretting that surpassed the removal effect of the initial oxide layer by fretting. In fact, a strong adhesion between the contacting surfaces occurred and no fretting wear particles were observed in the high-purity hydrogen. On the other hand, oxidized fretting wear particles were found in the oxygen-hydrogen mixture. In addition, the reasons for the change in the fretting fatigue strength in hydrogen due to the addition of impurities were examined from the view point of the change in mechanical stress conditions.

Biography:

Jabbar Gardy received his BSc degree in Chemistry from University of Salahaddin, Erbil-Iraq in 2003 and MSc in Oil and Gas Technology from Burgas Professor Dr Assen Zlatarov University, Burgas-Bulgaria in 2008. During 2003-2006, he worked as a Lab Instructor at the Department of Chemistry of the College of Science from University of Salahaddin, Erbil-Iraq. He has been delivering Undergraduate lectures from 2009 to 2012 at the University of Salahaddin-Erbil. He got a scholarship from the Kurdistan Regional Government on the Humanity Capacity Development Programme to study PhD. He is currently in his final year of a PhD under the supervisions of Dr Ali Hassanpour and Dr Xiaojun Lai in the Institute of Particle Science and Engineering at the University of Leeds, UK.

Abstract:

During the last twenty years, scientists have been looking towards to find a possible alternative for fossil fuel to fulfill the energy demand of the world as the crude oils are depleting day by day. Biodiesel is one of the best possible resources that have come to the fore-front because of its availability, renewability, better gas emissions, non-toxicity, and its biodegradability. However, the feedstock prices and biodiesel production costs are the main problems faces biodiesel industry to commercialize the fuel because the cost of biodiesel fuel produced from virgin vegetable oils is 1.5 times costlier than its fossil-based counterpart. These issues can be addressed by using cheap feedstock such as used cooking oil with replacing the conventional catalysts with catalysts highly tolerant to moisture and free fatty acids because free fatty acids and moisture contents in cheap raw materials have adverse on the activity of the catalysts. The present work is focused on the novel commercial zirconia/titania nano-catalyst for the trans-esterification of locally sourced used cooking oil which contains high concentration of free fatty acids and moisture. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Thermo-gravimetric analysis, and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms have been used to determine the chemical structure, morphology, surface area, thermal/oxidative stability and particle sizes for the zirconia/titania nano-catalyst. The effect of catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, time of trans-esterification, and methanol to oil ratio on the biodiesel yield was investigated. It was found that under certain process parameters a yield of 100% can be achieved using zirconia/titania as a catalyst. Furthermore, the synthesized biodiesel from the catalytic trans-esterification processes was analyzed in accordance to ASTM D6475 and EN14214 standard methods to determine the characteristic fuel properties such as kinematic viscosity, density, flash point, FAME content, LAME content, and acid number.

Biography:

Zhongyuan Li completed her Phd and she is from School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China

Abstract:

The liquid-solid counter-current fluidization processes in an extraction column were numerically simulated based on the particle trajectory model of Eulerian-Lagrangian method. The simulation approach was previously validated by experiments. A power function correlation between the dimensionless slip velocity Uslip/Ut and hold-up fraction was proposed, and the operational zone in the countercurrent fluidization process was determined. Moreover, the simultaneous countercurrent fluidization of multi-particles with different diameters was also simulated. The comparison between the simulation results and the calculating values of the multi-particle free sedimentation model based on non-interference assumption shows considerably consistent, which also verified the reliability of the simulation approach used in present work.

Biography:

Ibrahim Abdullah Alshunaifi compled his Phd and working as an Assistant Research Professor at King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Saudi Arabia.

Abstract:

This research aims to experimentally analyze the performance and emissions of a single cylinder, four-stroke Spark Ignition (SI) engine fuelled by two grades of gasoline used in Saudi Arabia, RON91 and RON95 while operating with two fuel delivery systems; Port Injection (PI) and Direct Injection (DI). The experiments were conducted on a single cylinder research engine with pent-roof type cylinder head that can be interchangeably operated with either port injection or direct injection. Brake power, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and exhaust emissions were measured at different engine speeds, loads and fixed compression ratio of 10:1. Cylinder pressure, mass burnt fraction and rate of heat release were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the brake power of the engine is higher with RON91 which is mainly due to higher heating value. The BSFC decreases with increasing in engine load and it increases with increasing engine speed. However, there are no noticeable differences between two tested gasoline fuels in the BSFC except at high speed and load, where BSFC of RON91 is higher than RON95. Combustion analysis showed a mixed response to different RON and fuel systems. Generally, combustion of RON95 is faster than RON91 in both PI and DI systems. In DI system, RON95 showed longer combustion duration at low speed and load. The concentrations of Nitrogen Oxides (NOX), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Total Hydrocarbon (THC) emissions in the exhaust system were measured. It is observed that NOX emissions of RON91 are higher than RON95 in most cases except at high engine speed with DI system. It is also detected that CO emissions of RON91 are higher than RON95 in both injection systems at higher load. It is also noticed that RON91 system has higher THC emissions.

Biography:

Raja Al Otaibi graduated from King Saud University (BSc) in general chemistry in 2000, and then went on to obtain a MSc in catalysis from the University of Liverpool in 2005. He obtained his PhD in heterogeneous catalysis from the Cardiff University in 2010 working in the field of heterogeneous catalysis for alkane oxidation. Raja became an assistant research professor in the Petrochemical Research Institute in KACST. His research interests are primarily centered around heterogeneous catalysis and, particularly, the explanation of structure-activity relationships in oxidation reactions catalyzed by metal oxide catalysts. Development of new catalysts for selective oxidation reactions, focusing on utilization of short-chain alkanes, aromatics and bio-renewables. Improved methodologies for preparing catalysts and characterization of catalysts using a broad range of analytical techniques and in situ methodologies. He published several journal and conference papers.

Abstract:

Vanadium phosphate catalysts (V-P-O) have been widely studied for the selective oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride (MA). Vanadyl pyrophosphate, (VO)2P2O7, is believed to be the key active phase for the selective oxidation of n-butane. This phase is typically derived from the precursor VOHPO4.0.5H2O through topotactic transformation. Ellison et al. reported that refluxing VOPO4•2H2O with 3-octanol produces VO(H2PO4)2 phase. VO(H2PO4)2, has been classified as an impurity formed during the preparation of the catalyst precursor VOHPO4•0.5H2O. This phase displays distinctive cuboidal particles about 10μ in size and with a low surface area of ca. 2 m2/g. In this study V-P-O materials were prepared from the VOPO4•2H2O as starting materials using 3-octanol as solvent. Where 3-octanol was used at reflux temperature the recovered material was VO(H2PO4)2. The addition of hemi-hydrate (0.05 g) in this instance yielded mixed phase material of VO(H2PO4)2 and VOHPO4•0.5H2O for short reaction time. Performing a standard preparation in 3-octanol followed by addition of a seed resulted predominantly VOHPO4•0.5H2O phase. Studying the reaction with time confirmed transformation of VO(H2PO4)2 phase to the catalyst precursor VOHPO4•0.5H2O with time in the presence of hemi-hydrate seeds, which is contrary to previous reports.

Biography:

Lyudmila Berezhnaya proved her thesis and received her doctorate in 1998 on the basis of previously completed work. She is a highly qualified specialist in the field of economics, organization and management of the oil and gas industry. For a long time, she worked in the research institutes of the industry. Under her guidance and direct participation such large-scale work as a strategy for development of oil and gas regions was carried out; the improving measures for the efficiency of public fund management of mineral resources were developed; the evaluation of promising areas of mineral resources and territories in the face of limited information was undertaken, an economic assessment of oil and gas assets in the international classification of reserves was carried out and so on. Now - Associate Professor of Financial Management in Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas. She has more than 60 scientific published works.

Abstract:

Falling prices for crude oil exports in the second half of 2014 revived the never damped controversy around the issue of a fair price for oil. The purpose of work - within the available information, consider the most important factors that influenced the decline in export prices for crude oil on the world market and, if possible, to present a general picture of events. The geopolitical factor - it is possible that the current decline in oil prices is the result of collusion of several key players, including the US and the Middle East. Spectrum plots are widely presented: - Saudi Arabia, on the orders of the United States, triggered a collapse in prices to punish Russia, Saudi Arabia triggered a collapse in prices to stop (strangle) the "shale revolution" in the United States, etc. Fundamental factors - the pace of global economic growth has slowed and has naturally dragged down the pace of consumption of crude oil. However, some analysts believe that there is no evidence of demand reduction, there is only an excess of supply. Financial factors - Today the derivatives create huge profits for a narrow circle of people, bypassing the production of goods and services, bypassing the real economy. It is believed that the current system of trade in oil allows the big players to move their prices in the right direction. The most important financial factor influencing the volatility of crude oil prices is also a change in the US dollar index - (USDX), which fixes the rate of the dollar in relation to their most important trading partners. It is also an important psychological impact on speculation traders working with physical oil. They constantly monitor the futures market, taking its movement for a real trend of the expected changes in prices and they adjust their prices accordingly. Formation of crude oil prices is a multifactorial process and it is not necessary to underscore or exclude the role of one of them.

Biography:

Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman has completed his PhD at the age of 30 years from Imperial College London, United Kingdom in 2011. He is currently a senior lecturer in Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) and also the deputy director of Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC). He is now led a number of research projects that related to fuel cell and membrane technology and has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Detailed knowledge on the microstructure of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is very crucial in developing a high performance power generating devices. A highly porous anode may provide numbers of triple-phase boundaries while electrolyte dense layer may prevent the direct flow of gases through one electrode to the other electrode. In this study, a structural-improved electrolyte/anode hollow fibre was fabricated using the economical fabrication method i.e. single-step co-extrusion and co-sintering technique. The electrolyte was composed of yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) while the anode was the mixture of YSZ and nickel oxide (NiO). In the early phase of study, 0-10 wt.% of pore formers such as corn starch and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) were added into anode suspension to allow the control over the Ni-YSZ anode layer structure. The results were shown that the increase in pore former loading caused the apparent porosity increased but reduced the mechanical strength of anode. The next phase was the modification of electrolyte layer by mixing various particle size diameters of YSZ (i.e. micron, sub-micron and nano-sized) during electrolyte suspension preparation. The fabricated dual-layer hollow fibres were then subjected for several characterizations as it greatly affects morphology as well as its sintering temperature, mechanical strength and gas-tightness of resultant hollow fibre. Finally, the SOFC electrical performance was evaluated by conducting hydrogen-based fuel cell analysis at temperature range of 650-800 ⁰C using potentiostat/galvanostat modes.

Biography:

Abstract:

A general two-stage model of the drop diameter prediction in liquid-liquid systems without use of experimental constant as utilized in previous models has been formulated. The force balance analysis includes the forces of buoyancy, momentum, surface tension, drag and inertia to predict in both stages. The results from the model have been compared with kerosene drop formation in water. The Bubble formation was also studied using Ansys Fluent. A single bubble formation process through an orifice in a rectangle domain is modelled to study the bubble formation characteristics using the volume of fluid (VOF) with the continuum surface force (CSF) method. The effect of gas inlet velocities, Ug ~ 0.1 - 0.3 m/s on bubble formation stages (i.e., expansion, elongation and pinch off), bubble contact angle, dynamics and static pressure, bubble departure diameter etc. was investigated through an orifice diameter of 1 mm. The method was also used to study the effect of Reynolds number, Reμ ~ 1.32 - 120 on bubble formation when all other parameters were kept constant. Bubble coalescences have been also investigated. The effects of Bond number ranges, Bo ~ 4.09 - 50 (variation of the surface tension) and Reynolds number range, Re ~ 0.98 - 120 (variation of the liquid viscosity) were investigated. Significant effects were observed in the process of bubble coalescence on the shape of bubbles, when the viscosity ratio (μr) and density ratio (ρr) were kept constant.

Biography:

Abstract:

Anthropogenic activities increase the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil environment. Soil pollution significantly reduces environmental quality and affects the human health. In the present study soil samples were collected at different locations of Yelagiri Hills, Tamilnadu, India for heavy metal analysis. The samples were analysed for twelve selected heavy metals (Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, V, Cr, Mn, Co,Ni and Zn) using Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy. Heavy metals concentration in soil were investigated using enrichment factor (EF), Geo-accumulation index (Igeo), Contamination factor (CF) and Pollution load index (PLI) to determine metal accumulation , distribution and its pollution status. Heavy metal toxicity risk was assessed using soil quality guidelines (SQGs) given by target and intervention values of Dutch soil standards The concentration of Ni, Co, Zn, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ti, K, Al, Mg were mainly controlled by natural sources. Multivariate statistical methods such as correlation matrix, principal component analysis, Cluster analysis were applied for the identification of heavy metal sources (anthropogenic/ natural origin). Geo-statistical methods such as kirging identified hot spots of metal contamination in road areas influenced mainly by presence of natural rocks.

Biography:

Abstract:

The search for the appropriate agent to solve a variety of problems in improved (or enhanced) oil recovery as well as to extract effectively the organic pollutants from the flow being restricted to the highly irregular geometric structure of channels within the permeable medium (PM) is long-standing but actual problem. As a rule, the chain of the specific assumptions and the limitations is necessary for a particular application. The most widespread statements are: (i) an agent to change desirably the crude oil pressure-temperature diagram by its dilution in a pseudo-continuum medium of PM should be a homogeneous, much more volatile fluid with the well-known properties and the well-established localization of a vapor-pressure curve; (ii) the representative elementary volume (REV) has to be determined as the boundary which separates the microscopic structure-dominated discrete system combined by pores and by their hard matrix from the macroscopic pseudo-continuum model of a PM; (iii) the cumulative porosity fluctuates normally (in according to the Gaussian distribution) in any REV within the pseudo-homogeneous PM-domains while its heterogeneous fluctuations could be arising, in principle, only within the macrovolumeslarger than REV. Recently author's poser was addressed (Phys.Rev.E87, â„–5, 2013;Fluid Phase Equilibria, 383, (2014), 115-125) to the pure near (super- and sub-) critical fluids in which the conventional concepts of above i-statement fail completely if the volume of observation is mesoscopic. More exactly, the range of mesoscopic scales, located between the microscopic molecular-based sizes and the macroscopic correlation-based sizes is negligible if the local equilibrium state occurs far away from the critical region. In this case, the respective correlation volume (CV) of a state is rather small and very similar to the above REV-definition because it separates just the micro- and macroscales. However, near the critical point CV becomes enormous and the steady distribution of mesoscopic local-equilibrium domains within it is the heterogeneous one by the physical nature. The unavoidable failure of any unified equation of state (widely usable in the enhanced oil recovery and in the supercritical extraction technologies)to represent such a behavior leads to the novel concept of the fluctuationnon-unified equation of state developed by author just for mesoscopic states. Its striking feature is the predicted split of the standard one-dimensional vapor-pressure curve for a pure fluid onto the two-dimensional coupling pair of bubble-point and dew-point curves (similar to ones in a binary mixture) at the subcritical temperatures within the mesoscopic volumes. Moreover, the additionally predicted specific range of the heterophase behavior located closely to but still under the critical temperature makes the mesoscopic subcritical states to be a serious competitor with conventional supercritical states for an extraction.In this work I intend to discuss the advantages of mesoscopic scales and the perspective interrelations between the standard REV- and CV-scales of volume as well as to point out the respective ranges of pressure and temperature for the oil flows in a PM which may provide the key to economic competitiveness of the propose approach. One of the relevant problems is the necessity to change the conventional term of a cumulative porosity by its counterpart (termed by me as actual porosity) defined, however, at the smaller mesoscopic volumes within REV. This modification can be quite useful in the frameworks of the mesoscopic approach to the problems of extraction and oil recovery.

Biography:

Abstract:

Liquid-solid countercurrent solvent extraction is a potential application way for the removal of oil pollutant from contaminated soil. This study focuses primarily on the fluidization performance of liquid–solid two-phase flow in an extraction column (2.1 m × 50 mm diameter), with the solvent and solid flow rates ranging from 10 to 800 L∙h-1 and from 8 to 107 kg∙h-1, respectively. Several key hydrodynamic parameters, including pressure drop, solid holdup, superficial velocity of the solvent and solid, and dimensionless slip velocity, were investigated experimentally. At a given solid flow rate, a uniform axial distribution of solid holdup was observed at low solvent flow rate, whereas the axial solid holdup gradient increased with the solvent flow rate. The appearance of a solid holdup gradient was mainly attributed to the presence of small particles. An operating curve for the soil remediation by countercurrent solvent extraction was obtained according to the critical flow rate of the solvent and solid for predicting the occurrence of flooding and the appearance of the solid holdup gradient.

Biography:

Nima Moazami has completed his MEng in July 2011 at the age of 22 years in Mechanical Engineering by achieving First-Class Honors from University of Birmingham in UK. He has been awarded ‘The University of Birmingham School Scholarship’ to fund his Ph.D. research with supervision from Prof. Miroslaw L Wyszynski since November 2011. Now, he is in Ph.D. writing up stage and is working partly as a postgraduate teaching associate in different subjects such as thermodynamics, heat transfer, biofuel and combustion. He is editorial assistant in Biofuels Engineering journal (De Gruyter) and holding a responsibility of tutoring in mathematics support center at university.

Abstract:

Kinetic description of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis is crucial to industrial practice, being a prerequisite for industrial process design, optimization and simulation. A comprehensive study of FT synthesis was carried out for production of liquid fuel (C5+) using simulated N2-rich syngas (33% H2, 17% CO and 50% N2) on an in-house cobalt-silica (37% Co/SiO2) catalyst in which detailed product distribution, rate of reactions, conversion and selectivity information were delivered. A mechanistic reaction network was proposed on the basis of various monomers formation. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson type rate was used to develop the overall formation rate of hydrocarbon products. It was assumed that the dissociation of adsorbed surface-bound CO yielding surface carbon and oxygen is rate-determining step. Also, a Langmuir-Freundlich-Hinshelwood rate model was used to develop a water gas shift reaction rate to take CO2 production rate into account. It was assumed the reaction of surface CO with OH is the rate-deterring step. The kinetic parameters and physical properties were estimated by fitting experimental data under a variety of operating conditions using Global Optimization technique in MATLAB. The simulated values of N2, CO, H2, CO2, CH4, C2, C3, C4 and C5+ were in good agreement with those obtained experimentally with mean absolute relative residual error of 3.02%. Also, the accuracy of the model were measured by qualitative analysis, parity diagram, and quantitative analysis i.e. F-test method. To give a better insight about the performance of the catalyst and the quality of the developed kinetic model, the effects of reaction rates and operating conditions were studied on CO and H2 conversion and distribution of hydrocarbon products.

Biography:

Ibrahim AlShunaifi is from Water and Energy Research Institute, Saudi Arabia

Abstract:

This research aims to experimentally analyze the performance and emissions of a single cylinder, four-stroke spark ignition (SI) engine fuelled by two grades of gasoline used in Saudi Arabia, RON91 and RON95 while operating with two fuel delivery systems; port injection (PI) and direct injection (DI). The experiments were conducted on a single cylinder research engine with pent-roof type cylinder head that can be interchangeably operated with either port injection or direct injection. Brake power, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust emissions were measured at different engine speeds, loads and fixed compression ratio of 10:1. Cylinder pressure, mass burnt fraction and rate of heat release were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the brake power of the engine is higher with RON91 which is mainly due to higher heating value. The BSFC decreases with increasing in engine load and it increases with increasing engine speed. However, there are no noticeable differences between two tested gasoline fuels in the BSFC except at high speed and load, where BSFC of RON91 is higher than RON95. Combustion analysis showed a mixed response to different RON and fuel systems. Generally, combustion of RON95 is faster than RON91 in both PI and DI systems. In DI system, RON95 showed longer combustion duration at low speed and load. The concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions in the exhaust system were measured. It is observed that NOX emissions of RON91 are higher than RON95 in most cases except at high engine speed with DI system. It is also detected that CO emissions of RON91 are higher than RON95 in both injection systems at higher load. It is also noticed that RON91 system has higher THC emissions.

Biography:

Zongxian Wang. He has completed his PhD from China University of Petroleum and postdoctoral studies from National Research Council of Canada (NRC). He is now the professor from China University of Petroleum (East China), and has published more than 60 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Transformation of vanadyl porphyrins in the petroleum heavy residue during thermal upgrading under hydrogen was investigated. Effect of reaction time, hydrogen pressure and elemental sulfur on their transformation was also discussed. Vanadyl porphyrins were initially separated and purified from atmospheric residue of two typical heavy oils, Canadian oil sand bitumen (OSAR), and Chinese Liaohe heavy oil (LHAR) by silica gel chromatography. The obtained vanadyl porphyrins were thermally treated for various reaction times under different hydrogen pressures with or without sulfur. The structures of these vanadyl porphyrins before and after thermal process were characterized by positive-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). N4VO, N4VO2, and N4VOS were all identified as protonated analyte ([M+H]+). Transformation of these vanadyl porphyrins were probed by analyzing the DBE distribution and carbon number distribution. Results showed that the three vanadyl porphyrins species showed different transformation reactivities. Increase of hydrogen pressure and addition of sulfur could promote the hydrogenation of vanadyl porphyrins. This indicates that different thermal reaction conditions should be chosen for hydrogenation and demetallization of different vanadyl porphyrins.

Biography:

Prof. Qincheng Bi has completed his PhD at the year of 2000 from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. He is now a professor in State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Enginnering in China. He has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Endothermic fuel is used as a coolant in regeneratively cooled vehicles. The fuel pyrolysis should persist for relatively long periods in minichannels and cause no significant coke deposition. Experimental platform has been constructed to investigate the heat transfer characteristics, pyrolytic and coking characteristics, and thermal physical and chemical properties of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels. Different flow passage structures are involved in the range from single circular minichannels and two-parallel minichannels for fundmental researches, to multi-minichannel plates for industrial applications. The platform works at mass flow rate in a range of 0.1 mL/min to 100 g/s with a heating power capacity of 1.4 MW. The thermodynamic properties include heat sink, density and specific heat were experimentally measured at temperatures up to 750 ï‚°C. The transport propeties include viscosity and heat conductivity were measured at temperature up to 400 ï‚°C, but higher temperature up to 800 ï‚°C are expected to be realized effortfully in the future. The evaluation of deposition propensities of different endothermic fuels in minichannels were conducted at thermal cracking and catalytic cracking conditions in different flow passage structures. Flow maldistribution in parallel multi-channels was a significant problem to be solved to realize the full utilization of endothermic fuel’s cooling capacity. Overall, a large-scale experimental platform for the R&D of regeneratively cooling structures has been developed in our laboratory.

Biography:

Antanas Juostas. Dr. Service Development Manager in Baltics, at Konekesko Lietuva company in Lithuania. Doctor of Science, 2012. Dr. Lector at Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Aleksandras Stulginskis University (ASU). Dissertation prepared in Institute of Power and Transport Machinery Engineering, Aleksandras Stulginskis University (ASU). Publications: author of 25 scientific publications. Research interests: tractors parameters from dynamic, ecological and economical point of view.

Abstract:

The paper gives an overview of possibilities to determine the values of tractor‘s fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in real operating conditions by using data accumulated in electronic control units. There is ecological and economic importance for the tractors to be operated correctly: time of engine idling, operation at low and too high loads or high speeds should be shortened. Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, including harmful components, can be reduced only by rationally use of the tractors engine power and speed.To monitor tractor‘s operating performance, tools and techniques are necessary that would allow to determine the controlled indicators. Currently used emission control standards are suitable for testing all types of mobile machines, but the weighting factors are not applied for tractor performing agricultural applications. Today, no data are collected about fuel used, exhaust emissions and their interaction in the real agricultural and transport activities. Reasonable that it is practically impossible to create a weighting factor to suit various working machines for proper evaluation of the various terms and conditions. Studies has shown that the specific fuel consumption and exhaust emissions during field applications can’t be calculated without regard to the actual engine load and speed mode. As well, studies have found that the engine load, during typical field operations under different conditions, varies very much. For resolving the issue expected to substantiate the tractor engine fuel consumption and exhaust emissions monitoring instruments. For tractor fuel consumption and exhaust emissions evaluation, during tractor’s field application, the information collected in integrated digital microprocessors, applied for engine, transmission and other tractor systems operation and control, will be used. Expected, theoretically and experimentally justify microprocessor data use, fuel consumption, exhaust emissions and their interaction assessment methods and tools. The paper presents research of tractor‘s engine load factor during field application. The research is conducted on the base of data accumulated in engine‘s electronic control units. Histograms presenting show time intervals of the field processing, fuel consumption and emission components (CO2, NOx and CO) in various engine speed and cyclic fuel injection modes. Test results are analyzed separately for the processes of field process and work at headlands. Test results during field application showed that main amount of fuel was consumed and CO2 emitted during technological process and CO – during the work at headlands. Large quantities of NOx were emitted during technological processes and during the work at headlands as well. The research results will be compared with today’s valid exhaust emission standards applied for agricultural engines.

Biography:

Xiaojun Bao obtained his PhD in 1990 in the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is now professor and the dean of the College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University. He has published more than 200 papers in reputed journals, owns more than 70 granted patents, and has been serving as an editorial board member of several journals such as Fuel Processing Technology, Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, Petroleum Science, and Journal of Coal Chemistry and Engineering.

Abstract:

More than 90% of sulfur-containing compounds and about 90% of olefins in typical refinery gasoline pools come from fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline, thus the sulfur and olefin reduction of this stream is crucial for producing clean gasoline. It has been widely recognized that hydrotreating is the most important technique for producing clean transportation fuels in industrial practice, but the existing techniques can hardly accomplish the objectives of both deep hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and olefin reduction of FCC gasoline with acceptable loss in gasoline research octane number (RON). To solve this problem, we developed a novel process, GARDES, by coupling high-efficient HDS and directed olefin conversion. First, the full-range FCC gasoline is pre-hydrogenated and then split into light and heavy cracked naphthas (LCN and HCN) through distillation, in which the LCN has a very low sulfur content and thus can be directly used for product blending and the HCN contains a relatively lower concentration of olefins but most ulfur-containing compounds; second, the HCN with high sulfur content is hydrotreated over a selective HDS catalyst with high desulfurization activity but low olefin saturation activity; third, the hydrodesulfurized HCN is further treated over an octane recovery catalyst to convert olefins into isoparaffins and aromatics with high RONs; finally, a clean gasoline blending component that meets both Euro IV and Euro V standards is obtained by mixing the resultant HCN and LCN. The GARDES process is featured by having ultradeep HDS, significant olefin reduction, and excelllent RON preservation abilities. Up to date, we have issued over 20 licenses to refineries and successfully erected 15 industrial units with a total annual processing capacity of more than 15 million tons.

Biography:

Bushra Al Duri won a Research Grant Award of £750k from the EPSRC in Supercritical Coal Fired Power Plants, in collaboration with Electrical Engineering at Warwick University, Tsinghua University and NCEPU in China. Industrial partners are E-On UK Ltd., Emerson UK Ltd. and Scottish Powers. She is the lead Investigator in Chemical Engineering at Birmingham. She has recently returned from an EPSRC-supported UK-China Energy Conference in Beijing, where she represented the Project. Bushra completed 16 PhD [programmes and has over 90 publications in Wastewater Treatment, Reactions & Biocatalysis, and Supercritical Fluids. She also has on-going collaborations with international institutions, including University of Tokyo. Her future plans include expanding of the research in Energy and Environment; focusing on combining existing processes with supercritical water technology as the next generation of processes for waste minimisation and energy production, which complies with the increasing concerns over carbon emission and hence global warming. Bushra was appointed as MEGS Deputy Director at the beginning of April 2011.

Abstract:

This work presents supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) as the next generation of advanced processes for the treatment of hazardous compounds found in pharmaceutical, medical, laboratory and petrochemical effluents. SCWO is an advanced process based on the unique chemistry of water above its critical point (374.8°C and 25MPa). Unilike ambient water, SCW becomes miscible with all organics including stable hydrocarbons, polymers, biomass, as well as its miscibility with all gases. The reactions carried out in SCW are rapid (seconds to minutes), are highly efficient >99%, and produce no toxic emissions. This makes SCWO a strong contender to replace incineration for the destruction of non-biodegradable, chemically stable compounds found in effluents of the petrochemical industry. Furthermore, it shows great promise for the upgrading of heavy oils, production of hydrogen from biomass, to name a few applications. On a commercial scale SCWO passed through various challenges and is now on-route to the good. This work displays SCWO from fundamentals to commercialization, covering the existing concerns over the current prevailing treatment techniques and how SCWO offers advantages over such techniques. It reviews the chemistry of water and its relation to SCW behaviour, the kinetics of SCWO and SCWO reactor design. Further, it displays the main challenges, which face commercialization and the main existing SCWO commercial plants around the world.

Biography:

Ashish Karn is a PhD Candidate at the St. Anthony Falls Laboratory and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities (UMTC). He has done his bachelors and masters from Indian Institute of Technology Delhi and UMTC, respectively, both in Mechanical Engineering. He works in the area of multiphase flows, cavitation and supercavitation.

Abstract:

Bubbly flows occur frequently in natural systems and are also used for different applications in petroleum, energy-producing and chemical industries. The measurements of bubble size distribution are thus crucial in many applications in chemical engineering, viz. Hydrogenation of unsaturated oil, coal liquefaction, fermentation, waste water treatment, floatation cells, aeration studies, spargers etc. The conventional methods using image analysis to measure bubble size are limited in their robustness and applicability in dense or highly turbulent bubbly flows. These flow situations usually impose many challenges for image processing such as a wide range of bubble size distribution, spatial and temporal inhomogeneity of image background including in-focus and out-of-focus bubbles and excessive concentration of bubble clusters. This presentation introduces a multi-level image analysis approach to detect a wide size range of bubbles and resolve bubble clusters from images obtained in a turbulent bubbly wake of a ventilated hydrofoil. The proposed approach was implemented to derive bubble size and air ventilation rate from the digital images and the experimental measurements, respectively. The results show a great promise in its applicability for online monitoring of bubbly flows in a number of industrial applications.

Biography:

Alexander B. Ustimenko was born on August 24, 1962, in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan. He graduated from Kazakh State University, Physical department in 1984. He has Candidate Degree on physical and mathematical sciences (equivalent to PhD), topic of the Thesis is "High-temperature heating and gasification of coal particles", Moscow, 1991, Doctor Degree on technical sciences, topic of the Thesis is "Plasma-fuel systems for fuel utilization efficiency increase" Moscow, 2012. From 1984 to 2001 he was a researcher of the Kazakh Scientific-Research Institute of Energetics. From 2001 to 2007 he was a leading staff scientist of Combustion Problems Institute at al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Since 1991 he is with Research Department of Plasmotechnics (Kazakhstan) as CEO and since 2002 he is a leading staff scientist and head of thermal physics department of Research Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Physics of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University.

Abstract:

Currently and in the foreseeable future (up to 2100), the global economy is oriented to use organic fuels, mostly, solid fuels, the share of which constitutes 40% in the generation of electric power. Therefore, the development of technologies for their effective and environmentally friendly application represents a priority problem nowadays. This work presents the results of thermodynamic and experimental investigations of plasma technology for processing of low-grade coals. The use of this technology for producing target products (synthesis gas, hydrogen, technical carbon, and valuable components of mineral mass of coals) meets the modern environmental and economic requirements applied to basic industrial sectors. The plasma technology of coal processing for the production of synthesis gas from the coal organic mass (COM) and valuable components from coal mineral mass (CMM) is highly promising. Its essence is heating the coal dust by reducing electric arc plasma to the complete gasification temperature, when the COM converts into synthesis gas, free from particles of ash, nitrogen oxides and sulfur. At the same time, oxides of the CMM are reduced by the carbon residue, producing valuable components, such as technical silicon, ferrosilicon, aluminum and carbon silicon, as well as microelements of rare metals, such as uranium, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium. Thermodynamic analysis of the process was made using a versatile computation program TERRA. Calculations were carried out in the temperature range 300 - 4000 K and a pressure of 0.1 MPa. Bituminous coal with the ash content of 40% and the heating value 16,632 kJ/kg was taken for the investigation. The gaseous phase of coal processing products includes, basically, a synthesis gas with a concentration of up to 99 vol.% at 1500 K. CMM components completely converts from the condensed phase into the gaseous phase at a temperature above 2600 K. At temperatures above 3000 K, the gaseous phase includes, basically, Si, Al, Ca, Fe, Na, and compounds of SiO, SiH, AlH, and SiS. The latter compounds dissociate into relevant elements with increasing temperature. Complex coal conversion for the production of synthesis gas from COM and valuable components from CMM was investigated using a versatile experimental plant the main element of which was plug and flow plasma reactor. The material and thermal balances helped to find the integral indicators for the process. Plasma-steam gasification of the low-grade coal with CMM processing gave the synthesis gas yield 95.2%, the carbon gasification 92.3%, and coal desulfurization 95.2%. The reduced material of the CMM was found in the slag in the form of ferrosilicon as well as silicon and iron carbides. The maximum reduction of the CMM oxides was observed in the slag from the walls of the plasma reactor in the areas with maximum temperatures, reaching 47%. The thusly produced synthesis gas can be used for synthesis of methanol, or as a high-calorific reducing gas instead of blast-furnace coke as well as power gas for thermal power plants. Reduced material of CMM can be used in metallurgy.

Biography:

Manoj Kumar Sarmah received his PhD degree in Petroleum Geochemistry in 2009 from Dibrugarh University. Presently he is working as Senior Research Scientist in R&D Department of Oil India Limited, Duliajan, Assam, India. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals. His research interests include oil-oil, oil-source and source-source correlation studies using petroleum biomerkers and application of petroleum Geochemistry in oil exploration.

Abstract:

In the last few years asphaltenes have become of immense interest for exploration techniques, since it was reported that they possess structural features of the related source rock kerogens. This is because the use of asphaltenes from crude oils may help to overcome the lack of source rock samples in basin analysis when reliable predictions for the generation of hydrocarbons are required. Asphaltenes separated from two different crude oils from upper Assam basin, India having different geological origins, namely DK (Eocene) and JN (Oligocene-Miocene) were pyrolysed at 6000C in a PY-2020iD double shot pyrolyzer and the products were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Both the asphaltenes produces aliphatic as well as aromatic compound classes. Aromatic compounds like Methylnaphthalenes, Methylphenanthrenes and Methyldibenzothiophenes generated as a result of pyrolysis of the asphaltenes were used to assess thermal maturity of the oils. The ratios of β-substituted to α-substituted isomers of Methylnaphthalenes, Methylphenanthrenes and Methyldibenzothiophenes revealed higher maturity of the JN oil than that of the DK oil. For both the asphaltenes the abundance of 1-methylphenanthrene dominates over that of 9-methylphenanthrene showing the terrestrial nature of the organic matter. The biomarkers present in saturated and aromatic fractions of oils plays an important role in determination of maturity and source of oils. However, it is very difficult to determine maturity of severely biodegraded oils due to bacterial removal of some of the biomarkers in these types of oils. Therefore, asphaltenes should be a better choice for maturity calculation in severely biodegraded oils.

Biography:

http://petrochemistry.omicsgroup.com/Tereza Neuma Castro Dantas holds a Bachelor\\\'s degree in Chemistry from the Federal University of Ceará (1975), Master\\\'s Degree in Organic Chemistry for the same UFC (1979), Doctorate Third Cycle (1981) and PhD in Chemistry (1983), both by the Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, France. Member of European Academy of Sciences Arts and Literature. She is currently a teacher volunteer of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, working in teaching and research. Fellow in Research Productivity 1 B of CNPq. She is a professor of UNIRN and Executive Coordinator of the Primary Processing of Waste water - NUPPRAR/ UFRN/PETROBRAS. Holds the position of President of the Regional Council of Chemistry-XV Region. She is a member of the editorial board of the Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas-BJPG. Has experience in the areas of Chemical Technology and Chemistry of Natural Products, working in the areas of Oil, Gas and Environment, involving applications with surfactant and microemulsions and nanoemulsions systems.

Abstract:

Despite the high levels of technological development reached by the oil industry, oil recovery efficiencies in primary and conventional steps present a challenge. During the recovery process, a great amount of oil remains trapped in the reservoir rock. With the aim of solving this problem, scientists have developed advanced oil recovery methods using chemical, thermal, or miscible processes to move the oil retained after the conventional step. This study investigates the application of surfactants, microemulsionsand nanoemulsions in the recovery process of mature oil fields. These systems have the power to reduce interfacial tension, display a high capacity of solubilization, and change the wettability of the rock. Such features favor the interaction between injected fluid and oil, providing a greater volume of displaced oil. An experimental study was developed to simulate oil recovery steps to improve efficiency results. The study compared recovery efficiencies using the injection of ionic and non-ionic surfactants solutions, microemulsions, and nanoemulsions systems. The experiments used a smaller amount of fluid and presented reduced costs, when compared to other methods. The results obtained for the tests varied from 35% to 85% for the advanced-step oil recovery, reaching 96% of total oil in place recovered.

Biography:

Shipulin Alexander Vladimirovich graduated from the Leningrad Mining Institute in 1976. He worked as the Head of the Laboratory and the Teacher in Mining Institute for 30 years. He is a Candidate of Technical Sciences and received degree in 1994. He has also been a Full Member of the International Power Academy since 2000. He directed a company dealing with repair of oil wells for 12 years. He published 130 scientific works, 3 books and holds 92 patents for inventions. Now, he is an individual Businessman-Researcher. He performs some works together with National Mineral Resources University.

Abstract:

The most effective ways of processing of a well – hydraulic fracturing, torpedoing, chemical processing is most expensive, ecologically dangerous technologies. In most cases creation of long cracks of hydraulic fracturing is unprofitable – gives low effect and leads to flood. I suggest applying the pulsing hydraulic fracturing pressure to creation of a network of short cracks. The reasons for applying the pulsing hydraulic fracturing pressure are as follows: • It is economic, the constant high pressure isn't required, powerful pump units aren't used, the technology of multistage hydraulic fracturing isn't applied, a large number of people and equipment isn't required. • Cracks extend in all directions, inflow of oil is carried out from all directions. • On it is required to fix cracks proppant. After repeated processing yes the end aren't closed by crack pressure. • The chemical reactants which are negatively influencing ecology aren't applied. • Application for production of slate oil and gas is especially effective. Example: The technology of pulse and wave processing for delivery wells which I developed is repeatedly tested on crafts of the Volga region, Kazakhstan and China. For work hoisting works aren't used, 2 cars are used, work is carried out by 2 persons. The technology is successfully applied. Together with National Mineral resources university work on creation of hydraulic fracturing in coal layers for preliminary removal of methane is carried out. The pulse and wave technology of creation of cracks for the extracting oil and gas wells passes tests, in the industry isn't applied yet.

Biography:

YuQi Yang is from China University of Petroleum, China

Abstract:

A new compound viscosity reducer SDG-2 is discussed in this paper. Emulsification effect, droplet size distributions, interfacial tension, emulsion morphology and field test were investigated to better show the advantages of compound viscosity reducer compared to oil-soluble and water-soluble viscosity reducer by FM200 high speed homogenizer, interfacial tensiometer, interfacial rheometer and optical microscopy and so on. The results show that the SDG-2 can emulsify ultra-heavy oil (1.81×105mPa•s) which cannot be emulsified by commercial water-soluble viscosity reducers, the average droplet size of the stable emulsion was 2.415um and demulsification was not influenced. Much lower oil-water interfacial tension with SDG-2 than that with oil-soluble viscosity reducer at the same concentration. The rate of viscosity reduction can reached 99% at 50℃ and 95% at 90℃ with SDG-2 compared to 95.6% at 50℃ and 90.3% at 90℃ with oil-soluble viscosity reducer indicated that the SDG-2 is more effective than commercial oil-soluble viscosity reducer. In addition, it also has characteristic of broad applicability which is suitable for ultra-heavy oil viscosity ranged from 2.0×104mPa•s to 1.0×105mPa•s. Field tests of the newly developed compound viscosity reducer was carried out in Tahe Oilfiled in China, and the results showed that 66.6% less light oil was needed to dilute the heavy oil to achieve the needed viscosity and enhance the ultra-heavy oil recovery rate by 22.5%. We have interest to see its remarkable economic and social benefits.

Biography:

Ayman Taha Abd El-aziem El-gendi is from National Research Center, Egypt

Abstract:

The performance of ternary system with one low molecular weight component; formic acid (FA) as solvent, and two high molecular weight polymers; Polyamide-6 (PA-6) and Chitosan (CS) was thematically investigated. An extended modified Flory-Huggins model was used. The predicted results indicated that the miscibility of PA-6 and CS blend solution was achieved over all used compositions at room temperature. The volume fraction of PA-6 was varied between 0.43-0.022, the Gibbs free energy (∆Gm) was -3.14 and -4.06 kJ/mole respectively. The predicted results from the critical temperature model for superiority properties of polymer blend solution have shown that the upper critical saturation temperature (UCST) is 323K at a PA-6 volume faction of 0.4 and the lower critical saturation temperature (LCST) is 344K at a Chitosan volume fraction of 0.093. The diffusion model was used to investigate the immersion/precipitation process. The diffusion model has shown that the solvent volume fractions increased with time in the coagulation bath, while the polymer solution volume fraction decreased owing to solvent removal from polymer solution and membrane formation. The ratio of the volume fraction of the polymer to the solvent volume fraction was increasing gradually due to the release of the solvent from the membrane composite to the coagulation bath.

Biography:

Asaad Pireh is from Samaneh Kansar Zamin Company, Iran

Abstract:

Shale-gas production depends on natural and hydraulic fractures to flow it to well.Well completion practices employ hydraulic fracturing technology to access the natural fracture system and to create new fractures.Older fractures direction and hydraulic fractures direction in response to maximum stress direction is the important factor in value of production. For further crossing of hydraulic fractures, drilling perpendicular to maximum horizontal stress is the finest direction of drilling in unconventional resources and said that’s mechanical properties is determinant factor in productivity. I should say that theory is correct about creating hydraulic fractures in isotropic rocks but almost all of the rocks of the resources of the world have heterogeneous properties. Such a situation will rarely be encountered in real rocks that are usually full of heterogeneities (different layers) and weak planes (bedding contacts, cleavages or existing fractures). Based on hydraulic fracturing and determinant factor of productivity, drilling perpendicular to minimum horizontal stress will be the worst direction of drilling, but in drilling perpendicular to maximum horizontal stress the stability of borehole is the lowest. Based on of pronounced theories and practical works, some of the weak planes have a potential of reactivation before the others and before creating hydraulic fractures with minimum of stress implies from hydraulic fracturing which improve the productivity.

Biography:

Dayanand Saini completed his Phd and working as an Assistant Professor of Petroleum Engineering California State University, Bakersfield, USA

Abstract:

The selection of candidate reservoirs for future CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and storage projects greatly relies on methodical screening and detailed site specific evaluations. Once suitable reservoirs are identified in an initial screening for further evaluation, CO2-Prophet screening model can be used for a better understanding of proposed EOR project performance and site specific incidental CO2 storage potential prior to launching detailed and time consuming reservoir simulation studies. Often, calibration of CO2-prophet model is either overlooked or performed for achieving a material balance for oil and water phases. A reservoir specific calibration of CO2-Prophet model for obtaining material balance for oil and water phases is aimed to increase confidence in future performance prediction results. The present paper describes the calibration procedure of the CO2-Prophet model in detail and uses the appropriately calibrated model for predicting CO2-EOR performance and incidental CO2 storage potential in the selected reservoirs. The present study uses CO2-Prophet model for expanding the initial screening process further i.e., site specific evaluation of CO2-EOR and storage potential using an approach that lies between initial screening estimates and detailed reservoir simulation based studies. Beyond EOR based volumetric predictions or other simple estimations made in initial screening of candidate reservoirs, appropriately calibrated CO2-Prophet model can provide more robust and reservoir specific estimate of CO2-EOR and incidental CO2 storage potential for candidate reservoirs. Such results can be used for making initial business decisions like selection of prospective pilot sites or field acquisition while avoiding the need of detailed reservoir simulation studies.

Biography:

Rajendiran Adimoolam is from Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd, India.

Abstract:

Due to constant increase in the demand for highly saturated Group II and Group III base oils and their application in use as special lubricants, it is a must to have a clear picture of structural distribution of base oils. In this study, pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC), rotary pressure vessel oxidation test (RPVOT), kinematic viscosity (KV), Noack volatility and elemental analysis as physico-chemical tests are studied for Group II base oils. The inferences derived from these analyses established the relationship between the chemical structure and selection of the base oils to meet future product specifications. 1H and 13C NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) data had also been used to generate average structural profile and it was used to account for the oxidation stability of the selected base oils.

Biography:

Zhang Yan is from Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, China

Abstract:

Although the field acquisition of magnetotelluric data can be done in 3D surveys, the 3D data processing and inversion still have significant shortcomings. Here we show a 3D inversion system that has effectively resolved the problems of static shift and inversion inefficiency. The system contains static shift correction, initial model design and inversion functions. In current practice, seismic reflection technique has always been the preferred method for petroleum exploration, and MT is only an auxiliary method. In this paper, synthetic 3D inversion models are used to confirm that 3D MT is also an effective method for oil and gas exploration.

Biography:

Clifford Lipscomb is the Director of Economic Research at Greenfield Advisors, a Chartered Valuation Surveyor, and has more than 18 years of experience in economic analysis, statistical analysis, consulting, and teaching. He holds baccalaureate degrees in Economics and Sociology from Berry College as well as a PhD in Public Policy from the Georgia Institute of Technology. He serves as an Associate Editor of the Journal of Real Estate Literature. Dr. Lipscomb won the 2014 International Association of Assessing Officers’ Bernard L. Barnard Outstanding Technical Essay Award. He is currently a Visiting Scholar at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.

Abstract:

When real estate researchers discuss brownfields, often former industrial sites (e.g. steel mills), automobile shops, salvage yards, dry cleaners, or illegal drug laboratories come to mind. Considering that the U.S. has approximately 1.1 million oil and gas wells and considering the current state of the “fracking boom”, the following question comes to mind: do abandoned fracking sites qualify as brownfields under the current definition? The traditional definition of a brownfield is real property that has potential or actual contamination issues that may cause reuse or redevelopment issues. After discussing this issue, the paper examines the trends in EPA and state brownfield funding for the redevelopment and reuse of abandoned fracking sites. With so many fracking wells being drilled, the potential demand for state and federal brownfield monies (i.e. grants) is expected to surpass potential funding supply in the coming decades.

Biography:

Professor Zulkhair Mansurov is a General Director of the Institute of Combustion Problems of the ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, prominent scientist of Kazakhstan; Doctor of Chemistry; Professor; IHEAS Academician; Laureate of the State Prize of the Republic of Kazakhstan and of the Prize named after K. Satpayev. In 1974-1987, Professor Zulkhair Mansurov worked as a junior and senior researcher, and Head of the Laboratory of Physicochemical Methods of Research at S.M.Kirov Kazakh State University. In 1981, he was the first among scientists in Kazakhstan to become a research fellow at the UCL (UK). In 1990, he defended his doctoral thesis at the Institute of Structural Macrokinetics, USSR AS. From 1992 to 2010, he served as Vice President for Research and First Vice-rector of the al-Farabi KazNU. Professor Zulkhair Mansurov is a Chairman of «Combustion and Plasma Chemistry» and «Physics and Chemistry of Carbon Materials» International Symposiums, Chief Editor of «Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal» and «Combustion and Plasma Chemistry» Journals. In 2004, for services to Kazakhstan Professor Zulkhair Mansurov was awarded «Kurmet» Order. Under Z. Mansurov’s peer supervision, eight Doctors, 38 Masters and eight PhD theses were defended. He is the author of over 670 scientific papers, 6 monographs, 5 textbooks and 21 copyright certificates of the USSR and Kazakhstani patents.

Abstract:

One of the most important achievements of recent years is the creation the technology for extraction of heavy oil from oil sands (OS) that is intensively developing on Canada. Huge deposits of OSof Republic of Kazakhstan which are characterized by content of organic part that ranges from 9 to 95% according to type and depth of each deposit are a prime candidate as an alternative source of hydrocarbons. It is notable that we can obtain organic products with various physical and chemical properties depending on the method of processing of OS. In connection with the above, in the Laboratory of Oxidation Processes of Hydrocarbon raw of Institute of Combustion Problems (ICP) the development of following main directions of processing of OS in order to produce commercial oil products is carried: • Extraction of organic part of OS of Kazakhstan deposits using different organic solvents with subsequent oxidizing it to bitumen, that is used for road construction; • Thermal processing of OS of Kazakhstan deposits with obtaining of synthetic oils as well as hydrophobic mineral part; • Ultrasonic method for separation of organic and mineral parts of OS using solutions of alkaline metals, serving as surfactants; Along with development of methods of OS processing a great attention is paid to improve the physic & chemical characteristics of road bitumen by creation of its composite with rubber crumb, as well as a problem of recycling of rubber pollutants and wastes is solved. An important aspect of ICP research is ecology of oil and gas industry. It is carried research in area of bio-remediation of oil-contaminated soils using bacteria.

Biography:

Antanas Juostas. Dr. Service Development Manager in Baltics, at Konekesko Lietuva company in Lithuania. Doctor of Science, 2012. Dr. Lector at Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Aleksandras Stulginskis University (ASU). Dissertation prepared in Institute of Power and Transport Machinery Engineering, Aleksandras Stulginskis University (ASU). Publications: author of 25 scientific publications. Research interests: tractors parameters from dynamic, ecological and economical point of view.

Abstract:

The paper gives an overview of possibilities to determine the values of tractor‘s fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in real operating conditions by using data accumulated in electronic control units. There is ecological and economic importance for the tractors to be operated correctly: time of engine idling, operation at low and too high loads or high speeds should be shortened. Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, including harmful components, can be reduced only by rationally use of the tractors engine power and speed.To monitor tractor‘s operating performance, tools and techniques are necessary that would allow to determine the controlled indicators. Currently used emission control standards are suitable for testing all types of mobile machines, but the weighting factors are not applied for tractor performing agricultural applications. Today, no data are collected about fuel used, exhaust emissions and their interaction in the real agricultural and transport activities. Reasonable that it is practically impossible to create a weighting factor to suit various working machines for proper evaluation of the various terms and conditions. Studies has shown that the specific fuel consumption and exhaust emissions during field applications can’t be calculated without regard to the actual engine load and speed mode. As well, studies have found that the engine load, during typical field operations under different conditions, varies very much. For resolving the issue expected to substantiate the tractor engine fuel consumption and exhaust emissions monitoring instruments. For tractor fuel consumption and exhaust emissions evaluation, during tractor’s field application, the information collected in integrated digital microprocessors, applied for engine, transmission and other tractor systems operation and control, will be used. Expected, theoretically and experimentally justify microprocessor data use, fuel consumption, exhaust emissions and their interaction assessment methods and tools. The paper presents research of tractor‘s engine load factor during field application. The research is conducted on the base of data accumulated in engine‘s electronic control units. Histograms presenting show time intervals of the field processing, fuel consumption and emission components (CO2, NOx and CO) in various engine speed and cyclic fuel injection modes. Test results are analyzed separately for the processes of field process and work at headlands. Test results during field application showed that main amount of fuel was consumed and CO2 emitted during technological process and CO – during the work at headlands. Large quantities of NOx were emitted during technological processes and during the work at headlands as well. The research results will be compared with today’s valid exhaust emission standards applied for agricultural engines.

Biography:

Osareni (Chris) Ogiesoba is a Research Associate with the Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin. He holds a Ph.D. in earth and planetary sciences from McGill University, Canada, M.Sc. in geophysics from Imperial College London and a B.Sc. in geology from University of Benin. His research interests are in seismic interpretation and converted-wave seismic exploration. He is currently working seismic attribute identification of hydrocarbons sweet spots within unconventional resource plays; and interpretation of diffraction images from VSP and surface seismic data. He is a member of SEG and AAPG.

Abstract:

Results from hydraulic fracturing have shown that high hydrocarbon-producing zones within shale resource plays are located in fractured, high-total organic carbon (TOC) rich zones. Thus, it is necessary to determine TOC distribution and fractures in shale resource plays, with the aim of matching high-TOC-bearing zones with fracture clusters. We integrated seismic attributes and acoustic impedance (AI) with wireline logs to determine TOC distribution within the Eagle Ford Shale and Austin Chalk in South Texas. We computed TOC from wireline logs using the Log R method and then used seismic attributes to predict TOC and deep-resistivity log distribution, and identify brittle zones within the seismic survey. Our investigations show that although the lower Austin Chalk and upper and lower Eagle Ford Shale intervals constitute hydrocarbon-sweet-spot zones, resistivity values and TOC concentrations are not evenly distributed; thus, the rock intervals are not productive everywhere. Most productive zones within the lower Austin Chalk are associated with Eagle Ford Shale vertical-subvertical en echelon faults, suggesting hydrocarbon migration from the Eagle Ford Shale. High resistivity occurs in high-quality-factor (Q) attribute zones. Furthermore, resistivity and TOC increase as Q increases, suggesting that the Eagle Ford Shale is a unique shale in which TOC increases with increasing bed resistance—increasing carbonate. Because a strong positive linear relationship exists between AI and Q, Q can be used to identify brittle zones. The method described in this paper can be applied in other areas with similar geologic setting.

Biography:

Shiming He was awarded his Ph.D in petroleum engineering and is currently a professor of petroleum engineering at Southwest Petroleum of University (SWPU). He conducts research in the areas of air drilling, managed pressure drilling, wellbore hydraulics, and wellbore stability. He has authored or coauthored more than 70 research and technical articles. Ming Tang is currently a doctoral candidate at the Oil and Natural Gas Engineering Institute of Southwest Petroleum University (SWPU). Now, he is a research scholar at The University of Oklahoma (OU). He received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. in petroleum engineering from SWPU, His areas of interest are related to underbalanced drilling, drilling fluids, drilling engineering mechanics, wellbore stability, etc.

Abstract:

Surge and swab pressures have been known as main reasons to cause drilling problems, such as lost circulation, formation fracture, fluid influx, kicks, and even blowouts. Accurate prediction of surge and swab pressures is crucially important to avoid drilling problems caused by downhole pressure surge. Both of the yield power law and Casson models fit actual drilling mud very well. To date, however, no analytical solution for flow of yield power law fluids and Casson fluids in a concentric annulus has been published. Most of the available methods are developed based on narrow-slot approximation technique, which predict surge and swab pressure with high accuracy only at high diameter ratio. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the surge and swab pressure models based on narrow-slot approximation technique both for yield power law and Casson fluids, this paper presents exact numerical models in concentric annulus for yield power law and Casson fluids, respectively. Parameters study was conducted to analyze the sensitivity of surge and swab pressure to input parameters. The accuracy was evaluated with different drilling fluid rheological and annular geometry parameters, and then modified equations were introduced to improve the application range and precision for surge and swab pressure models based on narrow-slot approximation technique. The performance of the modified equations have been tested by use of experimental results. A satisfactory agreement has been obtained.

Biography:

Abstract:

Currently, as a result of evolution of borehole techniques and development of drilling engineering it is increasingly common to see a well having a complex design. Verticalwells with radial horizontal sections of the wellbores can have a combination of open hole and perforated completion designs. Therefore it remainshighly important to carry out performanceevaluations of such wells depending on a well design, scheme of formation penetration, as well as formation productivity and even individual well intervals productivity. In addition to that it is necessary to resolve the problem of poor inflow to the areas of perforated and open-hole well sections in case of their combined use. This paper contains theanalysis of the inflow to the horizontal open-hole section of the oil well operating at stabilized production flow rate in a homogeneous anisotropic formation with impermeable top and bottom in presence of external reservoir boundaries. The solution has been obtained using a flowing pressure based estimate function of a stabilized production flow rate with integration ofindividual well intervals. Interferences of individual wellintervals were considered. The calculations of the well flow took account of the local drags occurring in a twisted flow at the wellbore entrance. The resulting solution has a good precision rate compared to the known analytical solutions. The problem solution for the vertical perforated well was also obtained using the flowing pressure based estimate function contemplatinginterferences of perforations. Local drag and hydraulic resistances along the well were also considered. The analysis of combined operation of the vertical perforated section of the well with a horizontal open radial wellbore takes into account interferences of local drags occurring in places where they attach to one another, as well as interferences occurring along the well. The paper includes calculation results of operation of perforated vertical oil well with a radial horizontal open wellbore bearing in mind interferences of perforated section and the open wellbore, as well as existing hydraulic flows into thewell. A significant pressure drop can be seen at theirconnection place. The developed software allows calculations of well and individual well productivity intervals as fluid inflow profiles, increased flow rate in the well, well pressure drop based on formation of geological layers and physical parameters, diameter and length of the individual well intervals. The software also allows calculations of multilateral completion of wells having more complex designs using a similar principle.

Biography:

Abstract:

This paper examines a systematic approach to determine ultimate CO2 storage capacity of two-dimensional (2D) aquifer model owing to capillary snap-off, gas compression and dissolution into water. In our previous paper, an application of fractional flow theory waspresented to evaluate CO2 storage capacity of an aquifer because of capillary snap-off and gas dissolution; we re-visit that solution and incorporate gas compression as the third mechanism by which CO2 is sequestered in geological formation. The gas compression is triggered when the injected gas reaches to the physical boundaries of aquifer; beyond that point, the aquifer would realize pressure build-up (over-pressurized). Using the method we developed earlier, we determine the maximum CO2 trapped in 2D models that are negatively affected by gravity override. The effect of gravity override is introduced through a multiplier that depends on the aquifer’s aspect ratio and the buoyancy number; the solution is in dimensionless form normalized by total aquifer pore volume. Next, we use that value and put it in an equation derived based on the volumetric balance of the aquifer’s pore space. We perform sensitivity analysis to investigate the contribution of various factors on the CO2storage capacity. However, we limit the maximum allowed pressure to the fracturing pressure/ rock failure beyond which elastic deformation is not observed. Our results suggest that doubling the average pressure of an aquifer would approximately increase the CO2 storage capacity by % 50. However, we do not observe CO2 storage capacity of an aquifer being more than % 2 of total pore volume.Generally, numerical simulations are used to assess the CO2 storage capacity of a geological formation and evaluate various trapping mechanisms.However, the simulations are complex and time-consuming and they require detailed inputs; whereas, the presented method requires limited inputs and provides fast results in agreement with the simulation that makes the method suitable tool to compare and screen the CO2 storage potential of various formations. In practice, the proposed method provides an efficient screening method to assess the CO2 storage capacity of over-pressurized aquifers and significantly reduces the simulation costs while providing an interesting insight.

Biography:

Abstract:

The Baiyanghe Be-U-Mo deposit is located in the Late Paleozoic Xiemisitan-Kulankazi island arc of the northwestern margin of the Junggar plate, Northwest China. It is the largest Be deposit (2.2 M tons of ore with grades ranging from 0.2% to 1.4%) in Asia. Orebodies in the deposit occur as fractures along contact zones between the Yangzhuang granite porphyry intrusion and Devonian pyroclastic country rocks and within the porphyry itself. Muscovite-fluorite veins are closely associated with the Be-U-Mo mineralization. A new Ar-Ar dating of the muscovite in this study yields a plateau age of 303.0±1.6 Ma, which constrains the timing of the Be-U-Mo mineralization of the deposit. Three stages of fluorite of different colors have been identified at the deposit, with the earliest dark-purple fluorite more closely associated with the mineralization. Microthermometry of fluid inclusions obtained from the three stages of fluorite suggests that the fluorites were precipitated as veins from low temperature (120-150°C) hydrothermal fluids with salinity ranging from 4.7 to 19.7 wt% NaCl eqv. Based on the trace elemental concentrations and REE patterns of the fluorite, the style of veining, and the low salinity and low temperature characters of the fluid inclusions, it is suggested that Be and U were most likely transported as fluoride complexes and Mo as hydroxyl complexes. Pb isotopic compositions of the ores and country rocks, as well as O and H isotopic characters of the ore-related muscovite, indicate mixing between magmatic and meteoric waters; both contributed to formation of the ore-forming fluids. Metallic Be, U, and Mo were most likely leached out from the granite porphyry by the fluids. The fluid mixing led to the reduction of U, Mo, and Be and their precipitation at the deposit.

Biography:

O V Zaitceva has graduated from Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas with Master’s degree in Chemical Engineering in 2014. Currently, she is a Researcher at TIPS RAS. Her basic scientific interests include development of catalytic processes, hydro-processing of heavy oil and oil residues, modern techniques of the analysis of composition and structure of oil components (spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, chromatography), methods of study physical-chemical properties, colloid-dispersed properties of oil and petroleum products, macromolecular compounds of oil – asphaltenes and resins.

Abstract:

One of the major problems in the deep processing of heavy petroleum feedstock is the high impurity content such as sulfur, nitrogen, vanadium and nickel, concentrated in asphaltene fractions. The solution of this problem most effectively implemented in the hydro-conversion process in the presence of a nano-sized catalyst particles that are synthesized in situ in the reaction environment. The influence of hydro-conversion conditions on the character of changes of molecular and colloidal structures asphaltenes and distribution of metals in hydro-conversion products has been studied. In a previous work, it was noted that the molecular structure of asphaltenes depending on conditions of the process varies in a discrete manner, passing through a step of Transitional State (TS), in which system is the most susceptible to the action of external factor. Investigations of changes in surface morphology asphaltenes during hydro-conversion confirm the main features of the structural transformations of asphaltene molecules depending on the temperature and the number stages of conversions of asphaltenes in the reaction zone. It is shown that the qualitative rearrangement of the molecular structure of asphaltenes by passing through the TS, where the system is most active, leads to qualitative changes in the surface morphology of the asphaltenes and to a change of colloid-chemical structure of the system. Thus, hydro-conversion parameter intervals, corresponding to the TS, are the most favorable in terms of regulation of structural transformations of macromolecular components and increasing level of conversion with low coke formation.

Biography:

Ali Garrouch is from Kuwait University, Kuwait

Abstract:

An expert system for automating sandstone acidizing has been developed in this study. The rule-based system is damage type specific, and includes guidelines that account for the mineralogical makeup of the rock as well as the acid-crude interaction. The guidelines, presented in a form of decision trees, include considerations for the presence of acid-sensitive minerals such as zeolites, chlorite, kaolonite, and feldspars, and their distribution in the rock matrix and in the pore space. In addition to the mud acids, and clay acids traditionally used for stimulating sandstones, the expert system recommendations are supported with novel phosphonic acids and acid-chelant blends that are tolerant to temperature, calcite and zeolite presence, presence of chlorite and feldspars. Two delivery methods are used for running the acidizing expert system. The first one is Java Applet Delivery for which a Java application is encapsulated in the HTML code. This method is appropriate for standalone applications. The second delivery method is through Servlet Runtime, which enables running the system as a web application, remotely accessed via the internet. The acidizing expert system has been validated against a large number of field cases spanning the Middle East, and the Niger Delta region in Africa. In each of these cases, the expert system yields an optimal acid job design, along with recommended acid volumes, pre- and post-flushes that are in perfect agreement with successful field results. This expert system will aid engineers avoid pitfalls of the perplexing sandstone acidizing.

Biography:

Muktar Bashir is a Ph.D. candidate from Aston University in the European Bioenergy Research Institute Birmingham, United kingdom . He holds a M.Eng degree in chemical engineering from University College London. His research interests are computational fluid dynamics modelling of solar and bioenergy processes. He is currently working on char gasification in a circulating fluidised bed.

Abstract:

Biomass is a renewable source of energy with huge potential to replace or supplement conventional fosil fuels. Biomass gasification is a thermal conversion process to produce fuel or chemicals in the presence of a gasifying medium, mainly air, steam or air/steam mixture. The main challengies in this process is the presence of tar (heavy hydrocarbons) in the product gas, especially at low temperatures. The tar can be thermally cracked at high temperature (>1000 ºC) or catalytically reformed at lower temperature to produce a high quality fuel gas. Biochar, which is a pyroduct from biomass pyrolyis, has been reported to contribute to catalytic cracking of the tar in the presence of steam and carbon dioxide. In this study, steam gasification of biochar has been theoretically incvestigated to predict the product gas quality and to better undestand the extent of tar cracking in the presnece of biochar. The gasification was simulated in a circulating fluidised beds using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model based on two-fluid flow (Eulerian-Eulerian) approach and solved using the commeroial software FLUENT. The devolatilisation and heterogeneous gasification reactions have been implemented in FLUENT using in-house developed user-defined function (UDF). To allow for compartive analysis, the simulation was carried out with and without the inclusion of the tar reforming reactions. It has been found that the tar can be significantly reduced when taking into consideration the biochar catalytic effect, even at a reactor temperatuure well below the recommnded range for standard biomass gasification.

Biography:

Clifford Lipscomb is the Director of Economic Research at Greenfield Advisors,a Chartered Valuation Surveyor, and has more than 18 years of experience in economic analysis, statistical analysis, consulting, and teaching.He holds baccalaureate degrees in Economics and Sociology from Berry College as well as a PhD in Public Policy from the Georgia Institute of Technology. He serves as an Associate Editor of the Journal of Real Estate Literature. Dr. Lipscomb won the 2014International Association of Assessing Officers’ Bernard L. Barnard Outstanding Technical Essay Award. He is currently a Visiting Scholar at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.

Abstract:

How unconventional shale activities affecta community can be viewed in terms of perceptions – perceptions of property owners, perceptions of local government officials, perceptions of state officials, and perceptions of firms performing unconventional shale activities. Companies involved in fracking, for example,need to understand how it is perceived by various constituencies (potentially affected property owners, thegreater public, local and state governments) and how those perceptions shape policy and economics. Proactive fracking companiescan identify those perceptions from various stakeholders and work to alleviate concerns of residents near the proposed fracking site and respond to any objections from local or state governments. Also, socio-demographic changes often accompany unconventional shale activities; these may include housing shortages, job re-training, and changes from more rural to more industrial land uses. Firms involved in unconventional shale activities should proactively raise awareness of the operations and dispelling any rumors and myths. Finally, if issues do arise, companies should already have a plan to deal with them that includes communication with the affected community. Open communication lines with residents and government entities are the key in maintaining a positive perception of both the firms involved and the industry as a whole.

Biography:

Ali Shaeri is from REF/NIOEC, Iran

Abstract:

The unit of RCD (Reduced CRUDE DESULFURIZATION) was applied for decreasing of Sulfur, CCR (coradson carbon residue), metals of heavy feeds AR (Atmospheric Residue) and VR (Vacuum Residue), and prepared the feed of RFCC unit. The unit includes the following parts: Feed Pretreating (Filter) Section Reactor Section Fractionator Section Make-up Hydrogen Compression Section

Biography:

Rakhi Mehta has completed her PhD at the age of 33 years from Chemical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat. She is Head of Chemical Engineering Department at Sarvajanik College of Engineering & Tech., Surat and in the field of Research since last 6 years. She has published 7 papers in reputed International journals such as Fuel, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Applied Nanoscience, Petroleum Science & Technology to name a few. She has been serving as a Technical advisor on the board of many Chemical Industries.

Abstract:

Nanofuels are suspensions of pure energetic nanomaterials in a liquid fuel that act as a potential energy carrier and release a large amount of heat when being oxidized. Energetic metallic additives offer high enthalpy of combustion, facilitating transportation of more payloads per unit fuel volume. Such mixtures have been reported to show advantages, such as increased energy density, high burn rates and enhanced energy release than the base fuel. But the physical stability of fuels containing nano size energetic additives is a major concern, hence special preparation techniques are required to produce nanofuels with high suspension stability and uniform nanoparticle distribution in continuous liquid phase. Current work discusses the formulation of nanofuels by stabilizing nano metallic particles in petrodiesel. Nanoparticles were stabilized by ultrasonication and addition of surfactant Span 80 (0.1wt %). Diesel fuel containing nano-energetic additives (n-Fe, n-Al and n-B) showed stability for 8, 18 and 24 hours respectively. Suspension stabilities of nanofuels were verified by spectrophotometer plots and backscattering profiles. Measured calorific values showed an increment of 12%, 7% and 2% respectively on combusting diesel doped with 1% of n-Al, n-Fe and n-B. Compression Ignition engine performance showed reduced specific fuel consumption, peak cylinder pressures and CO emissions however brake thermal efficiency and NOx increased. Size analysis of soot produced was carried out using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) which supported the visual inspection by SEM microphotographs.

Biography:

Feridun Demir obtained his Ph.D. degree from the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Florida, and is currently a Professor of Chemical Engineering at Osmaniye Korkut Ata University in Osmaniye, Turkey.

Abstract:

Chlorine disinfection of wastewater was investigated to estimate the reaction rate constant of the disinfection process at a wastewater treatment plant. The kinetic studies of free chlorine with ammonia show the experimental conditions for the determination of the reaction rate constant. Chlorine reactions with wastewater occurred in the contact basin, and they could be characterized by partial differential equations. In addition to the difficulties of the solution of these partial differential equations, the determination of the reaction rate constant of chlorine disinfection is also difficult because of complex reactions with ammonia and the dynamic behavior of wastewater. These vary, depending on the influent ammonia concentration, chlorine dosage, and wastewater content and flow rate. A method of characteristics and an odometric transformation technique were applied to these equations to more easily obtain a solution. The method of characteristics is a mathematical-solution technique that transforms a partial differential equation into an ordinary differential equation. Because the disinfection reaction also has a large and variable time delay, the odometric transformation technique was introduced to eliminate this obstacle. The application of these mathematical solution and transformation techniques converted the dynamics of the system into a constant time-delay model and a set of ordinary differential equations that were feasible for the numerical integration.To validate the model and determine the reaction rate constant by simulation, the resulting equations were coded in Matlab and solved numerically. The validation was performed by the comparison of the simulated response of the developed model with the experimental data using Matlab software packages. The validation criterion was the obtainment of the highest fit (%) for the simulated result. The simulation results revealed that the fit (%) was the highest when the reaction rate constant was 0.0074 h-1.

Biography:

María Sol Rau studied Chemistry at the Universidad Nacional del Litoral (Argentina) where she received her PhD in 2011. From 2011 to 2012 she worked as a Post-Doc at the Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis from Ulm University (Germany). She is in charge of the electrocatalysis research activities of the Fuel Cell Group at Fraunhofer ICT. She has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals and has attended to several international conferences.

Abstract:

In a hydrogen challenged economy the implementation of a High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC) directly connected to a reformer is emerging as a promising technology. Several complicated issues of the LT-PEMFC can be avoided by increasing the working temperature up to 200°C. Nevertheless, hydrogen sulfide present in the reformated fuel causes irreversible deactivation of Pt electrocatalyst. For this reason, at Fraunhofer ICT one of our electrochemical research activities is to develop innovative materials that combine high reactivity to the hydrogen oxidation reaction with elevated tolerance to H2S. In this regard, last year a highly active Pt-based bimetallic electrocatalyst which combines both characteristics was found. An additional advantage of this bimetallic material is that the amount of Pt used is significantly reduced in comparison to commercial catalyst. The higher tolerance to H2S was determined to be related with tits enhanced capability to convert H2S in to SO2, detected in the outlet gas by mass spectrometry. This is an interesting aspect to be considered where new desulfurization techniques are being developed. As an extension of the Fuel Cell application, it was noticed that this type of bimetallic material can be used as a solid electrode to catalyze the oxidation of gaseous H2S at 145°C The aim of the current presentation is to introduce the employment of a HT-PEMFC electrocatalyst for electrochemical desulfurization in the petrochemical industry.

Biography:

Peter Wasserscheid is from Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnber, Germany

Abstract:

Hydrogen is often considered a very capable future energy vector. It can be produced from renewable wind or solar power via water electrolysis and has a wide range of potential applications in all important fields of energy supply. The gravimetric storage density of hydrogen is excellent. One kilogram H2 carries 33,3 kWh (LHV) of energy. However, being the chemical element with the lowest density, the volumetric storage density of hydrogen is only 3 Wh/liter at ambient pressure. In existing technical applications hydrogen is therefore either stored as gas under very high pressures (up to 700 bar, called “Compressed Gaseous Hydrogen” or CGH2) or in its liquid state at 253 °C (called “Liquid Hydrogen” or LH2). A very attractive way to store and release hydrogen is in form of “Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers” (LOHC) systems. Aromatic molecules, such as e.g. N-ethylcarbazole (NEC) [1] or dibenzyltoluenes [2] can be reversibly hydrogenated and dehydrogenated in order to store and transport hydrogen in form of diesel-like liquids. The presentation introduces shortly the LOHC concept for energy storage and future hydrogen logistics. Afterwards it concentrates on material and process aspects of LOHC hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalysis covering the full range from studies on the molecular level (XPS-, IR-studies) to demonstrator units. Challenges and optimization potentials will be discussed; novel options (LOHC transfer hydrogenation, hydrogen purification through LOHC hydrogenation/dehydrogenation) will be presented.

Biography:

Ridha Gharbi is from Kuwait Oil Company, Kuwait.

Abstract:

An integrated full-field reservoir simulation study has been performed to determine the reservoir management and production strategies in a mature sandstone reservoir. The reservoir is a candidate for an enhanced oil recovery process or otherwise subject to abandonment. Based on its charateristics, the reservoir was found to be most suited for a surfactant/polymer (SP) flood. The study started with a large data gathering and the building of a full-field three-dimensional geological model. Subsequently, a full field simulation model was built and used to history match the water flood. The history match of the water flood emphasizes the areas with remaining high oil saturations, establishes the initial condition of the reservoir for an SP flood, and generates a forecast of reserves for continued water flood operations. A sector model was constructed from the full field model and then used to study different design parameters to maximize the project profitability from the SP flood. An economic model, based on the estimated recovery, residual oil in-place, oil price, and operating costs, has been implemented in order to optimize the project profitability. The study resulted in the selection of surfactant and polymer concentrations and slug size that yielded the best economic returns when applied in this reservoir. The study shows that, in today’s oil prices, urfactant/polymer flood when applied in this reservoir has increased the ultimate oil recovery and provide a significant financial returns.

Biography:

Gu Tao is from Southwest Petroleum University, China

Abstract:

H2S is an acidic and toxic gas and the corrosion of H2S on oilwell cement is considered to be a great challenge for wellbore integrity and environmental safety in the exploitation of high-sulfur gas reservoir. In our work, an unidirectional sample was designed to simulate the actual downhole condition, and the corrosion performances of oilwell cement exposed to humid H2S gas and H2S-rich brine were investigated using designed unidirectional samples. Compressive strength, microhardness, porosity, gas permeability, SEM, EDS, and XRD analyses were conducted to compare the dissimilarity of H2S attack in two exposure scenarios. The experimental results show that the corrosion degree of cement exposed to humid H2S gas was lower due to a dense gypsum layer formed on the cement surface; this layer inhibited inward penetration of H2S by blocking diffusion. On the contrary, a porous and loose amorphous silica gel section formed on the headspace of brine-exposed cement for dissolution and migration effects of brine, which facilitated the penetration of H2S to the interior of cement. The degradation mechanism of cement and the effects of exposure scenario on cement properties are proposed.

Biography:

Zhang Ronghu is from Hangzhou Institute of Geology, China

Abstract:

The cretaceous ultra-deep reservoirs in Kuqa depression of Tarim basin are over 6000 m deep, which have the coefficient of formation fluid pressure greater than 1.6 and the formation temperature higher than 130°C. In these ultra-deep reservoirs, netted-vertical fractures are developed at the density of 3–12 items/m, with average matrix porosity and permeability of 3.8% and 0.128 × 103 μm2, respectively. This set of ultra-deep reservoirs is presently the core area of in Kuqa depression for increasing reserve and production of natural gas. To elucidate the formation mechanism and exploration significance of ultra-deep reservoirs in Kuqa depression, experimental analysis was carried out through a combination of acoustic emission, confocal microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe, and laser carbon and oxygen isotope techniques. Results indicated that the ultra-deep reservoirs experienced two types of typical superposition effect of diagenesis: 1) strong structure extrusion - strong dissolution - moderate buried compaction - moderate cementation in the Keshen zone associated with the development of fracture-dissolved pore reservoirs; and 2) strong structure extrusion - strong dissolution - moderate dissolution - moderate buried compaction - moderate cementation in the Dabei zone associated with the development of fracture - intergranular pore reservoirs. Effective reservoirs were formed mainly through the following mechanisms: In the early-mid stage, long-term shallow burial preserved pores; in the mid-late stage, internal suspended top structure of gypsum-salt rocks restrained vertical compaction; in the late stage, lateral tectonic extrusion formed the seam-net system; and multi-staged dissolution continuously increased pores. The effective reservoirs were controlled by lithofacies, tectonic extrusion and supergene dissolution, with the depth over 8000 m and a thickness generally between 80 and 200 m. Reservoir densification and hydrocarbon filling concurrently occurred and lateral superposition continuously developed, providing favorable conditions for the formation of continuous petroliferous zones, local hydrocarbon

Biography:

AmanzhanSaginaev – Doctor of chemical sciences, professor. He is employed by Atyrau institute of Oil & Gas for the Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Kazakhstan, as the head of laboratory of engineering profile “Petrochemistry” and as a professor of department “Chemistry and chemical technology”. Basic scientific areas: chemistry of adamantane and other framework hydrocarbons, petrochemistry and oil refining. He is the author of over more than 170 scientific and methodical and reference publications.

Abstract:

Oil and gas condensates are the main natural source of hydrocarbons of a diamondlike structure – an adamantane and the highest diamondoides. Gas condensates of MaryAnn \"823\" fields of the Gulf of Mexico, for example, contain more than 60 adamantanes and the highest diamondoides, from an adamantane and his alkylderivatives to derivatives of a triamantanes and tetramantane. Tri - and tetramantanes are identified as well in domestic the oils. Alkylderivatives of these frame structures – alkyladamantane and the highest alkyldiamondoides - are of interest not only as components of high-energy hydrocarbonic fuels, for example rocket fuels of the RF-1, RF-2 type, etc., but have also important scientific value as, owing to features of thermodynamic properties of isomers, they can be used for an assessment of extent of catalytic transformations oil and gas condensates under the influence of natural clays and aluminum silicates and \"certification\" of the fuels received on their basis; these hydrocarbons are useful also as initial connections in thin organic and petrochemical synthesis. Because receiving experimental data on relative thermodynamic stability of isomers of the polyderivativesalkyladamantanes and highest alkyldiamondoides meets certain difficulties, including regarding identification and a spatial structure of isomers, in the solution of such questions calculation methods are urged to play very important role. The structure 1,3-dimethyladamantane, trans-1,4-dimethyladamantane,cis-1,4-dimethyladamantane, 1,2-dimethyladamantane,1-ethyladamantane, 2-ethyladamantane of the general formula C12H20 has been studied using and 1,3,5-threemethyladamantane, 1,3,6-threemethyladamantane,cis-1,3,4-threemethyladamantane,trans-1,3,4-threemethyladamantane, 1-methyl-3-ethyladamantane,cis-1-methyl-4-ethyladamantane,trans-1-methyl-3-ethyladamantane, 1,2,6-threemethyladamantane, 1,2,8-threemethyladamantaneof the general formula C13H22 has been studied usingthe Becke–Lee–Yang–Parr (B3LYP) hybrid method for the energy functional of the electron density withthe 6-31G* basis set. Geometric and electronic characteristics of the compounds and their total energy, trans-formation energies, transformation entropies, and normal vibration frequencies have been calculated.

Biography:

Yan-Ping Chen has completed his PhD degree in 1982 from the Department of Chemical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA. He has been teaching at the Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University from 1982 to the present time. He is a Full Professor since 1988, and has served as the Department Chairman from 1998 to 2001. His research area includes Thermodynamics of Phase Equilibria, Supercritical Fluid Technology, and Gas Hydrate Studies. His recent research results have been published in Fluid Phase Equilibria (Gas Hydrate Studies), and Journal of Supercritical Fluids (Supercritical Fluid Studies).

Abstract:

The target of this study is to find the appropriate materials as additives for the formation or dissociation of methane or carbon dioxide hydrate. These hydrates are used for either natural gas energy sources or for carbon dioxide sequestration. The dissociation conditions for gas hydrates in the presence of additives at various concentrations in aqueous solutions were experimentally measured in this study. These additives include alcohols, cyclic ethers, or cyclic ketones. Hydrate phase dissociation conditions were measured with an apparatus which was operated at high pressure and low temperature conditions. The liquid water-hydrate-vapor (Lw-H-V) three-phase dissociation temperatures and pressures for methane hydrate in the presence of additives were determined by employing the isochoric method. New experimental data were reported within the pressure range from 4 to 15 MPa. It is demonstrated that the addition of certain additives in gas hydrate system shifted the original hydrate phase boundaries to lower pressure and higher temperature. The hydrate stability region was broadened, therefore it has a promotion effect on the formation of gas hydrate. Other additives might show inhibition behavior. These promotion or inhibition effect is also investigated by the possible hydrate structures in cases of various additive materials. The determination of gas hydrate structures is calculated using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and the experimental measured dissociation temperature and pressure data.

Biography:

Hassene Affouri is from University of Sfax, Tunisia

Abstract:

Total organic carbon (TOC) determination, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, extractable organic matter content (EOM) fractionation, as well as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses, were carried out on samples from outcrop cross sections of the Albian (Lower Fahdene Formation), Cenomanian-Turonian (Bahloul Formation) and Ypresian (Bou Dabbous Formation) in central and northern Tunisia. At the Albian age organic-rich facies were deposited corresponding to a global ocean anoxic event called \"OAE1b\". In northern Tunisia, the Albian sediments are represented by limestones and marly limestones rich in organic matter (OM) and correspond to the base of the Fahdene Formation (Albian-Cenomanian). In central and northern Tunisia, the Cenomanian-Turonian (C/T) boundary succession is represented by thinly laminated carbonates with some marly beds assigned to the Bahloul Formation. This formation was deposited during a so-called ocean anoxic event 2 (OAE2). The paleogeography of the Lower Eocene (Ypresian) basin in Tunisia was characterized by the deposition of various facies that had been named formations which include the Bou Dabbous Formation. It is one of the four lateral equivalents of the Metlaoui Group and consists of micrite and marls with abundant planktonic foraminifera (Globigerina). The total organic carbon (TOC) values and Rock-Eval analysis showed that these Formations had preserved Type II/III marine and continental organic matter (OM). Locally, TOC values are very high. These values are reliable to the structural framework during the Albian, the C/T and the Ypresian epochs. The Rock-Eval maximum pyrolysis temperature (Tmax) values in the ~ 420-460°C range delineated a general east-west and north-west trend increase in the OM thermal maturity. The disparity in hydrogen index (HI) values was relevant for the discrepancy in the level of OM preservation and maturity among localities and samples. The Albian, C/T and Ypresian OM are rich in biological markers or biomarkers such as alkanes, steranes and terpanes. These were used to assess the degree of thermal maturity and to reconstruct the OM precursors and their deposition environments. The n-alkane distributions, maximizing in the C17 to C20 range, are typical for a marine planktonic origin, whereas pristine/phytane (Pr/Ph) average values in the 1-2 range indicate an oxic to suboxic depositional environment. Pr/n-C17 and Ph/n-C18 ratios values in the 0.38-6.2 and 0.68-3.25 range, respectively, are consistent with other maturity indicators and denote the contribution of specific bacteria to phytol as a precursor of isoprenoids (Pr and Ph). The thermal maturity varies between the late diagenesis to the main-stage of petroleum generation based on the optic and the cis-trans isomerisation of the C29 sterane and the terpane [18(H)22,29,30-Trisnorneohopane/ (18(H)22,29,30-Trisnorneohopane + 17(H)22,29,30-Trisnorhopane) : Ts/(Ts+Tm)] ratios. Furtheremore, these OM are represented by an open marine to estuarine algal facies with a specific bacterial contribution as revealed by the relative abundance of the -20R C27, C28 and C29 steranes and by the abundance of the tricyclic terpanes (T-C21 to T-C29) and the hopane compounds for all the samples. Locally, the good preservation of OM in the Albian facies and in the Bou Dabbous Formation has been evidenced by the good conservation of the C34 and C35 homohopanes compounds and the high abundance of gammacerane in central compared to the northern part of Tunisia. These features are characteristics of a highly bacterial contribution to the organic supply and extremely anoxic deposition environments. Finally, the OM richness in these studied Formations was controlled both by an oxygen minimum zone induced by high productivity and restricted circulation in narrow grabens structures.

Biography:

Awojoyogbe Bamidele is from Federal University of Technology, Nigeria

Abstract:

It is noted with keen interest that the advancements in instrumentation and software over recent years have led to increased research activities in the application of magnetic susceptibility methods in the hydrocarbon industry. Such interests are basically centred on magnetic susceptibility measurement and their integration with magnetometer and other surface geophysical surveys and with soil magnetic studies accomplished in the laboratory. In spite of the wide utilization of magnetic methods and magnetic susceptibility techniques in geophysical exploration, very limited research data are available on the magnetic susceptibility of natural reservoir fluids (crude oils, formation waters and other reservoir related fluids such as injection and drilling fluids). Also, magnetic susceptibility has not been able to provide sufficient contrast between sand, gravel, clays and other sedimentary rocks. In fact, it has been noted that one of the major challenges in the application of magnetic methods is the isolation of weak magnetic anomalies as a result of low concentrations of the magnetic minerals in sediments. This shows that we need additional contrast sources to confirm the measured magnetic susceptibility of reservoir fluids and the surrounding rock matrix. Fortunately, magnetic resonance offers us an opportunity of relating the magnetic susceptibility to the T1 and T2 relaxation times which are unique to different materials. Therefore, we present a method by which magnetic susceptibility of reservoir rocks and fluids can be related to the observed physical and chemical features via NMR relaxation based on the fundamental Bloch NMR equations. From our single and simple analytical results, we can determine the fluid flow velocity, viscosity for wetting phases, viscosity for non-wetting phases, the interfacial tension between two fluids, the contact angle measured from the side of the wetting phase, permeability, the component of gravity in x direction between fluid displacement and the density difference between displaced and displacing fluids. These parameters will enable us to express the relative magnitude of viscosity or gravity over capillary forces as well as the ratio in viscosities. In addition to the geometrical description of the medium, these parameters fully characterize the displacement in terms of the distributions of the various quantities (such as pore size or permeability) at the various scales and correlation lengths.

Biography:

Cong-Sheng Bian is from Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, China

Abstract:

As an important unconventional gas resource, tight sand gas distributes widely in different petroleum basins. In coal-bearing formations of Upper Triassic in the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous and Permian in the Ordos Basin, coal measure strata and tight sandstone constitute widely distributed source-reservoir assemblages, and form the basic conditions for the forming of large tight sand gas fields. Similar to most tight gas basins in North America, the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin all experienced overall moderate uplift and denudation in Meso-cenozoic after earlier deep burial. Coal seam adsorption principles reveal and actual sample simulation experiment results show that in the course of formation uplift, pressure drop and desorption occur in coal measure strata, resulting in the discharge of substantial free gases, accounting for 28-42% of total gas expulsion from source rocks; simultaneously, the free gases formerly stored in the pores of coal measure source rocks were also discharged in a large scale due to volumetric expansion resulted from formation uplift and pressure drop. Based on experimental data, the gas totally discharged in the uplift period of Upper Paleozoic in the Ordos Basin and Upper Triassic Xujiahe Fm in the Sichuan Basin is calculated as 3-6×108 m3/km2. Geological evidences for gas accumulation in the uplift period are found in the gas reservoir analysis of the above two basins. Firstly, natural gas discharged in the uplift period has lighter carbon isotope and lower maturity than that formed in the burial period, belongs to the one generated at early stage of source rocks, and is absorbed and stored in coal measure strata. Secondly, physical simulation experiment results under high-temperature and high-salinity inclusions and almost actual geologic conditions confirm that substantial gas infusion and accumulation occured in the uplift period of coal measure strata of the two basins. Diffusive flow infusion is the main mode for gas accumulation in the uplift period, which can reach 56×1012m3 in the uplift period of Xujiahe Fm of the Sichuan Basin, compensates the diffusive loss of gas in the gas reservoirs, and has an important contribution to the formation of large gas fields. The above insight has promoted the gas resourc extent and potential of the coal measure tight sand uplift area; therefore, it needs to reassess the formerly believed unfavorable areas where the the uplift scale is larger, so as to get better resource potential and exploration prospect.

Biography:

Mohammadali Baghbanzadeh received his BSc and MSc degrees from the “University of Tehran” in 2009 and “Sharif University of Technology” in 2011, respectively. Then he joined Prof. Lan’s research group as a PhD student at the “University of Ottawa”. He is the recipient of the “Ontario Trillium Scholarship”, one of the most prestigious Canadian scholarships, awarded at uOttawa in 2013. His current research focus is on water desalination by membrane distillation process.

Abstract:

Desalination has been demonstrated to be an appropriate technology in compensating the lack of fresh water in different areas of the world. Among the processes which are used for treating the saline water, membrane-based technologies have been placed on top due to their energy-saving and cost-effective nature. Presently, desalination load is mainly dominated by reverse osmosis (RO), i.e. a pressure driven process which fairly demands large amount of electrical energy and works in harsh operating conditions. Membrane distillation (MD) has been shown to be a serious competitor with RO in obtaining the desalination market owing to its low tendency to fouling and scaling which further results in a simplified pre-treatment process, its ability in processing the high concentration feeds and working in mild operating conditions. Although, huge thermal energy consumption within the process along with the low performance MD membranes have been led to this fact that reaching the fresh water by MD is not economically feasible. One approach in reducing the thermal energy consumption could be the development of high performance MD membranes which works efficient at low temperatures. In other words, MD needs durable membranes which are able to achieve the high flux i.e. that of the MD membranes in typical operating conditions, at low temperatures. To improve the membrane performance and considering the outstanding characteristics of the nanocomposite membranes, in this study, hydrophilic nanomaterials, i.e. CaCO3, CuO, and SiO2 were incorporated in a polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) membrane for vacuum membrane distillation (VMD). According to the results, hydrophilic nanoparticles could improve the membrane structure via enlarging the surface pores and increasing the membrane porosity through reducing the thickness of the sponge-like layer, i.e. the major contributor to mass transfer resistance in the membrane. The permeability of the neat PVDF membrane at 27.5 ºC increased by 102.3%, 153.4%, and 2456.0% via using the appropriate amount of CaCO3, CuO, and SiO2 nanoparticles respectively. All the nanocomposite membranes possessed suitable contact angle and liquid entry pressure (LEPw) along with perfect rejection to be employed in desalination by VMD.

Biography:

Wenzheng Li is from PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology, China

Abstract:

In recent years, the largest integral single gas field of the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation with proved reserves of 4 403×108 m3 was found in Sichuan Basin, China, and the main production is from Longwangmiao Formation grain dolomite. Based on observation of outcrops, cores and thin sections and analysis of logging data and experiment, the features, main controlling factors, evolution and distribution of the Longwangmiao Formation reservoirs in the Lower Cambrian, Sichuan Basin, are examined carefully and the distribution of favorable reservoirs is predicted. The Longwangmiao Formation reservoirs are grain shoal-dolostone fracture–vug type, made up of residual dolarenite, oolitic dolomite, and crystal dolomite; with vugs and dissolution pores as the main storage spce, residual intergranular pores, intercrystalline pores and fractures as the secondary storage space, these reservoirs have a porosity of 2%~8%, 4.28% on average, and a thickness of 20m~60 m, 36 m on average. Shoal facies and penecontemporaneous dissolution are the main factors controlling the reservoir occurrence. Grain shoal, the basis of reservoir development, controls the phases and distribution of reservoir. Penecontemporaneous dissolution is the key factor affecting the formation of the main reservoir space. In addition, penecontemporaneous dolomitization plays a constructive role in the preservation of the pores formed earlier and generation of micro-fractures in late stage. The reservoirs experienced four evolution stages. The sedimentation and penecontemporaneous dissolution in pore-forming period laid the material basis for reservoir space types and physical property conditions. Supergene karstification and burial dissolution made some contributions to the improvement of reservoir physical properties. Hydrothermal mineral filling and asphalt filling are the main factors making reservoir quality worse. Based on the main controlling factors of the Longwangmiao reservoir, the favorable reservoir zones are ancient high topography areas between Huayingshan Fault and Longquanshan Fault, and breakthroughs are expected to make in the Guangan-Nanchong-Jiange area.

Biography:

Theresa Nganje is from University of Calabar, Nigeria

Abstract:

The sum of concentration of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils collected from the vicinity of spilled fuel from pipeline which carries fuel from jetty to a tank farm were analysed for sixteen priority PAHs using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrophotometer (GC - MS). The total PAHs concentrations in the soil ranged from 16.06µg/Kg to 25,547.75 µg/Kg with a mean concentration of 2,906.36 µg/Kg. Sum of PAHs concentration of the seven carcinogenic PAH compounds in soil varied from 0.02 to 97,954 µg/Kg. In terms of compositions of patterns in soil the PAHs were dominated by three and four rings. The distributions pattern show a predominance by low molecular weight compounds. In comparison with sum of concentrations of PAHs in other parts of the world and part of the study area, the total PAHs concentrations in this study were higher than those reported in some urban, semi urban and rural soils in some regions of the world and in the vicinity of some petroleum handling facilities in part of the study area.The ratios Phenanthrene/Anthracene, Fluoranthene/Pyrene, Fluorantine/Fluorantine+Pyrene and Benzo(A)Anthracene / Benzo(A)Anthracene + Chrysene in the soil indicated various sources of PAHs in the area. These sources includes fuel spills, burning of motor tyres and vegetation, vehicle repairs and washing, motor exhaust and fire wood burning from cooking.