3^rd World Congress on Petrochemistry and Chemical Engineering November 29-30,2015 Atlanta, USA

Ali Asghar Khakpoor is from Islamic Azad University, Iran

Parts manufacturing has some limitations at the nano scale that is practically impossible in many cases. Therefore, scientific interests to smithereens in the natural scale have led to creation of nanostructures field in recent years. The acenes with the chemical formula C4n+2H2n+4 is a family of organic molecules that are highly regarded at the nano scale, but an investigation on their thermodynamic properties require spending a high price especially when the number of loops is higher than six. This paper seeks to provide a model to predict acenes’s thermodynamic properties by applying the topological indices method (TIM). A molecular graph is a simple graph whose vertex is mainly made up of atoms in a molecule and the bonds between atoms are the graph edges. In chemical graphs, hydrogen atoms were removed and excluded. Moreover, the degree of each vertex is a maximum of 4 and all bonds between atoms are considered as single. Topological indices are defined based on graph theory. The second Zagreb index is one of the topological indices.rn rnThe Gibbs energy was calculated using Chem. Office 2015 software and the experimental data of references were compared with those mentioned in valid papers. Prediction of Gibbs Energy has a very high accuracy through the second Zagreb index.

A A Zlobin is studying at the Novosibirsk State University, Department of Natural Science since 2014. Over the past 5 years, he has published 2 scientific works, participated in 2 international scientific conferences. His main research interests are CVD (chemical vapour deposition) processes and chemistry of gases.\r\n\r\n

It is known, that the organic material in sedimentary basins after burial and gradual immersion experiences a series of continuous transformations (from diagenesis to metamorphism). As a result, at different levels of a section gases CO2, CH4, et al., are emitted simultaneously with different intensities. Typically, the gases migrate towards the surface by the system of pore channels and fractures. Comparing the duration of sedimentary basins existence (millions of years) with speed of gas migration, which was experimentally set, we can expect, that there are components formed at different times at any point of the section – syngenetic gases of deposits and gases received from ancient rocks lying below. The task of this study is creating an algorithm of petrochemical and petrophysical calculations for determination of gases concentrations at any given depth of a sedimentary, mainly terrigenous section. First, dynamics of quantitative relations of the unexpended organic material and the formed gases were defined. Second, the parameters determining the speed and concentration of gases during migration in homogeneous or stratified environments were considered. Third, specific object quantification was made. Thus the original amount of the buried organic substance was calculated from the content of sulfur that was associated with sulfides (mainly bio-chemogenic pyrite). Contents of hydrogen and carbon were determined by calculated mass of the primary cellular substance. The results are relevant for solving a number of problems: gas emissions in coalmines, natural and technogenic fluid-disruption in the rocks, global warming.

Nadezhda I Chernova is pursuing PhD at Lomonosov Moscow State University (Biology). The scientific interests have associated with bioenergetics, screening of microalgae and cyanobacteria for biofuel production, the ways to increase effectiveness of cultivation microalgae as a sources of biofuels. She has published more 100 scientific works in reputed journals and the four patents.

Developing alternatives to fossil fuels is one of the most urgent demands of today. Oleaginous algae are most popular in the microbial biofuel field, because of their ability to produce substantial amounts of Triacyl Glycerols (TAG). Algae produced more oil in stressed condition as compared to their optimal growth conditions. We developed industrial biotechnology cultivation A. platensis in laboratory, in field experiments and in greenhouse complexes of different regions of Russia, Ukraine, Moldova and Estonia. We investigated the effects of high and low light intensity, sub-optimal temperatures and nitrogen starvation on lipid content in the cells A. platensis. It is shown that cyanobacteria are excellent candidates with high significance in producing third generation biofuels. The analysis of energy balances of solar energy conversion to biomass of oleaginous microalgae confirms the principled possibility of achieving the record productivities of biomass and oil. At the optimal organization of the process, the energy content of the final product can exceed the cost of additional energy for the cultivation of microalgae, even without the use of energy equivalent anthropogenic CO2 as a nutrient. In this case, the energy of biomass waste after lipid extraction constitutes a significant portion in the total energy content of the obtained products. Production of the valuable associated products with high added value (astaxanthin, β-carotene, phycocyanin, and chlorophyll) can also significantly increase the profitability of production. There are significant opportunities to improve the technology. For example, improvement of efficiency of light energy conversion into biomass, the increase in lipid content in the microalgae biomass, optimization of constructions of the cultivators and bioreactors for reduced capital cost. The extended studies in this interdisciplinary area involving experts from different fields of science and technology are needed to implement these opportunities.

R B Haj-Kacem has a PhD in Quantitative Methods. Actually, his research interests are the application of statistical and econometric methods on some physicochemical properties in solution which is very useful in some fields such as chemical engineering, petro-chemistry and pharmaceutics. Recently, he has proposed an interesting equation correlating the viscosity Arrhenius parameters which is very important for estimation of non available parameter essential especially for hydraulic calculations of fluid transport.rn

Knowledge and estimation of transport properties of fluids are necessary for mass flow and heat transfer. Viscosity is one of the main properties which are sensitive to temperature and pressure variation. In the present work, based on the use of econometric and statistical techniques for regression analysis and correlation tests, we propose an original equation modeling the relationship between the two parameters of viscosity power low equation. Empirical validation using 90 data-sets of pure fluids provided from the literature and studied at different temperature ranges gives excellent statistical results which allow us to redefine the power low equation using a single parameter instead of two ones. This result is important in fluids engineering since the validation of the proposed equation simplifies the estimation of viscous behavior and the ensuing calculations by reducing the number of viscosity equation parameters and facilitating manipulations. We add that the proposed equation presents good concordance, also for low and moderate viscous fluids, and it is very useful for engineering data which permits to estimate one non-available parameter when the second one is available.

Rafikova Yu Yu is a Researcher, specialized in geoinformation mapping of renewable energy resources and methods of accounting factors influencing on the development of renewable energy at national and regional levels.

Bioenergy as one of the most promising sectors of the economy, is already developing in some regions of Russia. The expediency of development in this industry caused by the presence of decentralized energy supply zones, waste management needs, necessity and expediency of energy sector upgrading. Like any other branch of power supply, bioenergy needs reliable resource assessments and projections. In Russia, detailed assessment of biomass energy potential earlier were carried out only on a national scale. In recent years, within the framework of developing geographic information system \"Renewable Energy Sources of Russia” data on the different types of wastes used for bioenergy was collected, the calculations of gross, technical and economic bioenergy potentials were made, databases and maps of the resource distribution were developed for the territory Russia. For today resources of sewage sludge, municipal solid wastes, the main areas of animal husbandry wastes, the main cultivated agricultural crops of Russia: grains (with a separate species), oilseeds, vegetables and potatoes – were analyzed for each region of the Russian Federation. Scientifically based quantitative evaluations and convenience of it’s visual display as maps allow to highlight the leading biomass potential regions. With the socio-economic and environmental features of the territory it forms the basis for decision making. These estimates are used by public authorities for planning strategy of national energy development.

O N Zlobina has completed his PhD from Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics in the specialty lithology. She is a Senior Research Assistant, IPGG Sedimentology laboratory. Over the past 5 years, she has published 26 scientific works, including 6 in reviewed journals, has participated with reports at 14 scientific conferences (including 7 international).

Correlations between organic carbon, type of the preserved organic material and concentrations of some macro-, microelements were studied in the Upper Jurassic deposits of West Siberia. Litho-facial reconstructions demonstrated that high-kerogen deposits formed in different parts of the sea bottom - in underwater depressions, organic banks and on the slopes of the seamounts. Petrochemical data shows no strong correlation between the content of organic carbon and the concentrations of a number of microelements, which is considered by many researchers to be. We note that the concentrations of V, Nb, Ni, Cd, Cu, As, and Zn significantly increase with the depth of sedimentation, these maximum number (Clarke exceed 100 or more times) are fixed in underwater depressions. Content of these elements on the slopes of the seamounts reduced sharply. The concentrations of Sc and Mo, conversely increases markedly. Quantity Ga, Ge, Be, U stable, perhaps, the accumulation of these elements in the deposits is not dependent on the facial genesis. Besides that, significant increase in the concentrations of Zr, Co, Y and Ag, to the total geochemical background was observed in the fractured shales of the Salym area. Usually, sharp changes are noted in the content of the same element in the cross-sectional and along strike. This locality may be associated with the zone gas thermal seepage. Anomalous concentrations of Ba, Si, Mg in rocks, as well as higher values of iron module and Fe-Mn indicator allow to suggest, the submarine hydrothermal participate in their formation. Seepage could trickle anywhere on the seabed surface.